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Heterologous Immunity Between SARS-CoV-2 and Pathogenic Bacteria.
Eggenhuizen, Peter J; Ng, Boaz H; Chang, Janet; Cheong, Rachel M Y; Yellapragada, Anusha; Wong, Wey Y; Ting, Yi Tian; Monk, Julie A; Gan, Poh-Yi; Holdsworth, Stephen R; Ooi, Joshua D.
  • Eggenhuizen PJ; Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
  • Ng BH; Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
  • Chang J; Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
  • Cheong RMY; Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
  • Yellapragada A; Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
  • Wong WY; Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
  • Ting YT; Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
  • Monk JA; Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
  • Gan PY; Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
  • Holdsworth SR; Department of Immunology, Monash Health, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
  • Ooi JD; Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
Front Immunol ; 13: 821595, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1686485
ABSTRACT
Heterologous immunity, when the memory T cell response elicited by one pathogen recognizes another pathogen, has been offered as a contributing factor for the high variability in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity outcomes. Here we demonstrate that sensitization with bacterial peptides can induce heterologous immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) derived peptides and that vaccination with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein can induce heterologous immunity to bacterial peptides. Using in silico prediction methods, we identified 6 bacterial peptides with sequence homology to either the spike protein or non-structural protein 3 (NSP3) of SARS-CoV-2. Notwithstanding the effects of bystander activation, in vitro co-cultures showed that all individuals tested (n=18) developed heterologous immunity to SARS-CoV-2 peptides when sensitized with the identified bacterial peptides. T cell recall responses measured included cytokine production (IFN-γ, TNF, IL-2), activation (CD69) and proliferation (CellTrace). As an extension of the principle of heterologous immunity between bacterial pathogens and COVID-19, we tracked donor responses before and after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and measured the cross-reactive T cell responses to bacterial peptides with similar sequence homology to the spike protein. We found that SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could induce heterologous immunity to bacterial peptides. These findings provide a mechanism for heterologous T cell immunity between common bacterial pathogens and SARS-CoV-2, which may explain the high variance in COVID-19 outcomes from asymptomatic to severe. We also demonstrate proof-of-concept that SARS-CoV-2 vaccination can induce heterologous immunity to pathogenic bacteria derived peptides.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Bacterial Infections / T-Lymphocytes / Immunity, Heterologous / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines Limits: Adult / Female / Humans / Male Language: English Journal: Front Immunol Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Fimmu.2022.821595

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Bacterial Infections / T-Lymphocytes / Immunity, Heterologous / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines Limits: Adult / Female / Humans / Male Language: English Journal: Front Immunol Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Fimmu.2022.821595