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Bean Extract-Based Gargle for Efficient Diagnosis of Active COVID-19 Infection Using Rapid Antigen Tests.
Kwon, Joseph; Ko, Euna; Cho, Se-Young; Lee, Young-Ho; Jun, Sangmi; Lee, Kyuhong; Hwang, Eunha; Vaidya, Bipin; Hwang, Jeong-Hwan; Hwang, Joo-Hee; Kim, Namsu; Song, Mi-Kyung; Kim, Hye-Yeon; Ito, Dai; Lin, Yuxi; Jo, Eunae; Yang, Kyeong Eun; Chung, Hee-Chung; Cha, Soyoung; Kim, Dong Im; Yi, Yoon-Sun; Yun, Sung-Ho; Park, Sun Cheol; Lee, Sangmin; Choi, Jong-Soon; Kim, Dal Sik; Kim, Duwoon.
  • Kwon J; Department of BioChemical Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
  • Ko E; Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
  • Cho SY; BIO3S, Inc., Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
  • Lee YH; Research Center for Materials Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
  • Jun S; Department of Food Science and Technology, Foodborne Virus Research Center, Chonnam National Universitygrid.14005.30, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
  • Lee K; Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
  • Hwang E; Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
  • Vaidya B; Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
  • Hwang JH; Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
  • Hwang JH; National Center for Efficacy Evaluation for Respiratory Disease Product, Korea Institute of Toxicologygrid.418982.e, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
  • Kim N; Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
  • Song MK; Department of BioChemical Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
  • Kim HY; Department of Food Science and Technology, Foodborne Virus Research Center, Chonnam National Universitygrid.14005.30, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
  • Ito D; Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
  • Lin Y; Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
  • Jo E; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
  • Yang KE; National Center for Efficacy Evaluation for Respiratory Disease Product, Korea Institute of Toxicologygrid.418982.e, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
  • Chung HC; Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
  • Cha S; Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
  • Kim DI; Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
  • Yi YS; Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
  • Yun SH; Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea.
  • Park SC; Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
  • Lee S; Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
  • Choi JS; Department of BioChemical Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
  • Kim DS; Department of BioChemical Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
  • Kim D; Department of BioChemical Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Microbiol Spectr ; 10(1): e0161421, 2022 02 23.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1691406
ABSTRACT
The antigen-based rapid diagnostic test (Ag-RDT) using saliva specimens is fast, noninvasive, and suitable for SARS-CoV-2 self-testing, unlike nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) testing. We evaluated a novel Beanguard gargle (BG)-based virus collection method that can be applied to Ag-RDT as an alternative to the current RT-PCR with an NPS for early diagnosis of COVID-19. This clinical trial comprised 102 COVID-19-positive patients hospitalized after a governmental screening process and 100 healthy individuals. Paired NPS and BG-based saliva specimens from COVID-19 patients and healthy individuals were analyzed using NPS-RT-PCR, BG-RT-PCR, and BG-Ag-RDTs, whose diagnostic performance for detecting SARS-CoV-2 was compared. BG-Ag-RDTs showed high sensitivity (97.8%) and specificity (100%) in 45 patients within 6 days of illness and detected all cases of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha and Delta variants. In 11 asymptomatic active COVID-19 cases, both BG-Ag-RDTs and BG-RT-PCR showed sensitivities and specificities of 100%. Sensitivities of BG-Ag-RDT and BG-RT-PCR toward salivary viral detection were highly concordant, with no discrimination between symptomatic (97.0%), asymptomatic (100%), or SARS-CoV-2 variant (100%) cases. The intermolecular interactions between SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins and truncated canavalin, an active ingredient from the bean extract (BE), were observed in terms of physicochemical properties. The detachment of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain from hACE2 increased as the BE concentration increased, allowing the release of the virus from hACE2 for early diagnosis. Using BG-based saliva specimens remarkably enhances the Ag-RDT diagnostic performance as an alternative to NPS and enables noninvasive, rapid, and accurate COVID-19 self-testing and mass screening, supporting efficient COVID-19 management. IMPORTANCE An Ag-RDT is less likely to be accepted as an initial test method for early diagnosis owing to its low sensitivity. However, our self-collection method, Ag-RDT using BG-based saliva specimens, showed significantly enhanced detection sensitivity and specificity toward SARS-CoV-2 including the Alpha and Delta variants in all patients tested within 6 days of illness. The method represents an attractive alternative to nasopharyngeal swabs for the early diagnosis of symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 cases. The evidence suggests that the method could have a potential for mass screening and monitoring of COVID-19 cases.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Saliva / COVID-19 Serological Testing / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Diagnostic study / Experimental Studies / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Variants Limits: Adult / Aged / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged / Young adult Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: Microbiol Spectr Year: 2022 Document Type: Article

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Saliva / COVID-19 Serological Testing / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Diagnostic study / Experimental Studies / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Variants Limits: Adult / Aged / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged / Young adult Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: Microbiol Spectr Year: 2022 Document Type: Article