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Disparities by Sex in COVID-19 Risk and Related Harms Among People with Opioid Use Disorder.
Martin, Caitlin E; Thakkar, Bhushan; Taylor, DaShaunda D H; Chapman, Derek A.
  • Martin CE; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
  • Thakkar B; Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
  • Taylor DDH; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
  • Chapman DA; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
J Womens Health (Larchmt) ; 31(5): 640-647, 2022 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1692279
ABSTRACT

Objectives:

(1) Report sex-specific prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) test positivity among an opioid use disorder (OUD) cohort (2) Assess sex-specific rates of opioid overdose and mortality.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study was performed on all adult patients with OUD who received a COVID-19 test in calendar year 2020 at a large academic medical center in Richmond, Virginia. Our study outcomes were positive COVID-19 test, opioid overdose, and all-cause in-hospital mortality. Sex-stratified multivariable logistic regression assessed sociodemographic factors associated with COVID-19 test positivity.

Results:

A total of 2,600 patients (males = 1,294, females = 1,306) with OUD received a COVID-19 test. Approximately 5% across both sexes tested positive for COVID-19 (p = 0.420), whereas 7% presented with an opioid overdose (males 10%; females 4%; p < 0.0001). However, mortality rates were similar across sex. Among males, individuals in the other racial group had increased odds of COVID-19 test positivity (adjusted odds ratio or AOR 5.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.70-14.88), whereas black females had higher odds of COVID-19 test positivity (AOR 1.92, 95% CI 1.01-3.62) compared to their white counterparts.

Conclusions:

Opioid overdose, more often than COVID-19, impacted the health of patients with OUD presenting to a public safety net health system. Despite a female advantage documented in the general population for COVID-19 susceptibility, COVID-19 test positivity rates were similar across sex in an OUD cohort; yet, racial disparities emerged with notable sex-related variation. Sex and gender are important variables that modify health outcomes, including OUD and COVID-19, and should be further investigated using an intersectionality framework.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Opiate Overdose / COVID-19 / Opioid-Related Disorders Type of study: Cohort study / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Adult / Female / Humans / Male Language: English Journal: J Womens Health (Larchmt) Journal subject: Gynecology / Women's Health Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: JWH.2021.0457

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Opiate Overdose / COVID-19 / Opioid-Related Disorders Type of study: Cohort study / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Adult / Female / Humans / Male Language: English Journal: J Womens Health (Larchmt) Journal subject: Gynecology / Women's Health Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: JWH.2021.0457