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Inflammatory Markers, Pulmonary Function, and Clinical Symptoms in Acute COVID-19 Among Non-Hospitalized Adolescents and Young Adults.
Lund Berven, Lise; Selvakumar, Joel; Havdal, Lise; Stiansen-Sonerud, Tonje; Einvik, Gunnar; Leegaard, Truls Michael; Tjade, Trygve; Michelsen, Annika E; Mollnes, Tom Eirik; Wyller, Vegard Bruun Bratholm.
  • Lund Berven L; Department of Paediatrics, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
  • Selvakumar J; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
  • Havdal L; Department of Paediatrics, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
  • Stiansen-Sonerud T; Department of Paediatrics, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
  • Einvik G; Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
  • Leegaard TM; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
  • Tjade T; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
  • Michelsen AE; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
  • Mollnes TE; Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
  • Wyller VBB; Fürst Medical Laboratory, Oslo, Norway.
Front Immunol ; 13: 837288, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1902994
ABSTRACT

Summary:

Mild, subacute COVID-19 in young people show inflammatory enhancement, but normal pulmonary function. Inflammatory markers are associated with age and male sex, whereas clinical symptoms are associated with age and female sex, but not with objective disease markers.

Background:

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is widespread among adolescents and young adults across the globe. The present study aimed to compare inflammatory markers, pulmonary function and clinical symptoms across non-hospitalized, 12 - 25 years old COVID-19 cases and non-COVID-19 controls, and to investigate associations between inflammatory markers, clinical symptoms, pulmonary function and background variables in the COVID-19 group.

Methods:

The present paper presents baseline data from an ongoing longitudinal observational cohort study (Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 in Adolescents, LoTECA, ClinicalTrials ID NCT04686734). A total of 31 plasma cytokines and complement activation products were assayed by multiplex and ELISA methodologies. Pulmonary function and clinical symptoms were investigated by spirometry and questionnaires, respectively.

Results:

A total of 405 COVID-19 cases and 111 non-COVID-19 controls were included. The COVID-19 group had significantly higher plasma levels of IL-1ß, IL-4, IL-7, IL-8, IL-12, TNF, IP-10, eotaxin, GM-CSF, bFGF, complement TCC and C3bc, and significantly lower levels of IL-13 and MIP-1α, as compared to controls. Spirometry did not detect any significant differences across the groups. IL-4, IL-7, TNF and eotaxin were negatively associated with female sex; eotaxin and IL-4 were positively associated with age. Clinical symptoms were positively associated with female sex and age, but not with objective disease markers.

Conclusions:

Among non-hospitalized adolescents and young adults with COVID-19 there was significant alterations of plasma inflammatory markers in the subacute stage of the infection. Still, pulmonary function was normal. Clinical symptoms were independent of inflammatory and pulmonary function markers, but positively associated with age and female sex.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 / Lung Type of study: Cohort study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Long Covid Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Child / Female / Humans / Male / Young adult Language: English Journal: Front Immunol Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Fimmu.2022.837288

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 / Lung Type of study: Cohort study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Long Covid Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Child / Female / Humans / Male / Young adult Language: English Journal: Front Immunol Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Fimmu.2022.837288