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Prevalence of depression and anxiety among general population in Pakistan during COVID-19 lockdown: An online-survey.
Ullah, Irfan; Ali, Sajjad; Ashraf, Farzana; Hakim, Yasir; Ali, Iftikhar; Ullah, Arslan Rahat; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Pakpour, Amir H.
  • Ullah I; Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
  • Ali S; Ziauddin Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan.
  • Ashraf F; Department of Humanities, COMSATS University, Lahore, Pakistan.
  • Hakim Y; Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
  • Ali I; Paraplegic Centre, Hayatabad, Peshawar, Pakistan.
  • Ullah AR; Department of Medicine, Northwest general hospital and Research Centre, Peshawar, Pakistan.
  • Chattu VK; Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada.
  • Pakpour AH; Center for Transdisciplinary Research, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
Curr Psychol ; : 1-8, 2022 Feb 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1700210
ABSTRACT
The present study's aim is to find the prevalence of two of the common indicators of mental health - depression and anxiety - and any correlation with socio-demographic indicators in the Pakistani population during the lockdown from 5 May to 25 July 2020. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using an online questionnaire sent to volunteer participants. A total of 1047 participants over 18 were recruited through convenience sampling. The survey targeted depression and anxiety levels, which were measured using a 14 item self-reporting Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Out of the total sample population (N=354), 39.9% suffered from depression and 57.7% from anxiety. Binary logistical regressions indicated significant predictive associations of gender (OR=1.410), education (OR=9.311), residence (OR=0.370), household income (OR=0.579), previous psychiatric problems (OR=1.671), and previous psychiatric medication (OR=2.641). These were the key factors e associated with a significant increase in depression. Increases in anxiety levels were significantly linked to gender (OR=2.427), residence (OR=0.619), previous psychiatric problems (OR=1.166), and previous psychiatric medication (OR=7.330). These results suggest depression and anxiety were prevalent among the Pakistani population during the lockdown. Along with other measures to contain the spread of COVID-19, citizens' mental health needs the Pakistani government's urgent attention as well as that of mental health experts. Further large-scale, such as healthcare practitioners, should be undertaken to identify other mental health indicators that need to be monitored.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Language: English Journal: Curr Psychol Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S12144-022-02815-7

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Language: English Journal: Curr Psychol Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S12144-022-02815-7