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Determinants of pre-vaccination antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2: a population-based longitudinal study (COVIDENCE UK).
Talaei, Mohammad; Faustini, Sian; Holt, Hayley; Jolliffe, David A; Vivaldi, Giulia; Greenig, Matthew; Perdek, Natalia; Maltby, Sheena; Bigogno, Carola M; Symons, Jane; Davies, Gwyneth A; Lyons, Ronan A; Griffiths, Christopher J; Kee, Frank; Sheikh, Aziz; Richter, Alex G; Shaheen, Seif O; Martineau, Adrian R.
  • Talaei M; Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
  • Faustini S; Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
  • Holt H; Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
  • Jolliffe DA; Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
  • Vivaldi G; Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
  • Greenig M; Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
  • Perdek N; Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
  • Maltby S; Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
  • Bigogno CM; Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
  • Symons J; Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
  • Davies GA; Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
  • Lyons RA; Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
  • Griffiths CJ; Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
  • Kee F; Jane Symons Media, London, UK.
  • Sheikh A; Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK.
  • Richter AG; Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK.
  • Shaheen SO; Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
  • Martineau AR; Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
BMC Med ; 20(1): 87, 2022 02 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1700554
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Prospective population-based studies investigating multiple determinants of pre-vaccination antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 are lacking.

METHODS:

We did a prospective population-based study in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-naive UK adults recruited between May 1 and November 2, 2020, without a positive swab test result for SARS-CoV-2 prior to enrolment. Information on 88 potential sociodemographic, behavioural, nutritional, clinical and pharmacological risk factors was obtained through online questionnaires, and combined IgG/IgA/IgM responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein were determined in dried blood spots obtained between November 6, 2020, and April 18, 2021. We used logistic and linear regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and adjusted geometric mean ratios (aGMRs) for potential determinants of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity (all participants) and antibody titres (seropositive participants only), respectively.

RESULTS:

Of 11,130 participants, 1696 (15.2%) were seropositive. Factors independently associated with  higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity included frontline health/care occupation (aOR 1.86, 95% CI 1.48-2.33), international travel (1.20, 1.07-1.35), number of visits to shops and other indoor public places (≥ 5 vs. 0/week 1.29, 1.06-1.57, P-trend = 0.01), body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 vs. < 25 kg/m2 (1.24, 1.11-1.39), South Asian vs. White ethnicity (1.65, 1.10-2.49) and alcohol consumption ≥15 vs. 0 units/week (1.23, 1.04-1.46). Light physical exercise associated with  lower risk (0.80, 0.70-0.93, for ≥ 10 vs. 0-4 h/week). Among seropositive participants, higher titres of anti-Spike antibodies associated with factors including BMI ≥ 30 vs. < 25 kg/m2 (aGMR 1.10, 1.02-1.19), South Asian vs. White ethnicity (1.22, 1.04-1.44), frontline health/care occupation (1.24, 95% CI 1.11-1.39), international travel (1.11, 1.05-1.16) and number of visits to shops and other indoor public places (≥ 5 vs. 0/week 1.12, 1.02-1.23, P-trend = 0.01); these associations were not substantially attenuated by adjustment for COVID-19 disease severity.

CONCLUSIONS:

Higher alcohol consumption and lower light physical exercise represent new modifiable risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Recognised associations between South Asian ethnic origin and obesity and higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity were independent of other sociodemographic, behavioural, nutritional, clinical, and pharmacological factors investigated. Among seropositive participants, higher titres of anti-Spike antibodies in people of South Asian ancestry and in obese people were not explained by greater COVID-19 disease severity in these groups.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines Limits: Adult / Humans Country/Region as subject: Europa Language: English Journal: BMC Med Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S12916-022-02286-4

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines Limits: Adult / Humans Country/Region as subject: Europa Language: English Journal: BMC Med Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S12916-022-02286-4