POS-760 PULMONARY ANGIOINVASIVE ASPERGILLOSIS IN A KIDNEY RECIPIENT: AN ATYPICAL CLINICAL PRESENTATION

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Angioinvasive aspergillosis is a rare opportunistic infection. its occurrence increases the mortality and morbidity of organ transplant recipients. Methods: It is about a 27-year-old patient with a history of end-stage renal failure due to an apparent mineralocorticoid deficiency, hemodialysis for 10 months until he received a kidney transplant from a related living donor sharing 4 HLA identities. He received induction therapy with globulin antithymocyte and methylprednisolone followed by maintenance therapy with Mycophenolate Mofetil, prednisolone, tacrolimus. Since the recipient was not immune to cytomegalovirus (CMV), he received ganciclovir prophylaxis immediately after transplant. Post-transplant evolution was marked by the immediate resumption of diuresis, creatinine figures stagnating between 200 and 250 µmol/l. The remainder of her usual treatment consists of a proton pump inhibitor, β-blocker, cotrimoxazole. Our patient presented 2 months post transplant with febrile neutropenia. Clinically, apart from a fever of 38 °, the examination was without abnormalities. Biologically, pancytopenia, inflammatory syndrome (high CRP and procalcitonin), hypokalaemia, hypophosphatemia and hypomagnesemia, hyperferritinemia and hypertriglyceridemia were noted. A post-infectious macrophagic activation syndrome was suspected, confirmed by a sternal puncture. An etiological investigation has been launched;viral serologies (HBV, HCV, HIV, EBV, CMV, COVID 19, HSV) were negative, a cardiac ultrasound ruled out infective endocarditis, a thoracoabdominal CT scan showed multifocal sub-segmental parenchymal condensations of the right lung surrounded by a halo, an appearance suggesting angio-invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and intracortical graft hematomas. Sputum bacteriological examination did not show pneumocystis but isolated two types of candida crucei and tropicalis. A weakly positive aspergillus antigenemia (index 0.53) was noticed. Our patient received triple antibiotic therapy (vancomycin / imipenem / levofloxacin) and an antifungal (voriconazole) after adaptation according to the antibiogram for a total duration of 15 days with daily dosage of tacrolimus. In addition, he received venoglobulins for 5 days at a dose of (0.4 mg / kg / day). The clinical and biological course was favorable with apyrexia and improvement in the blood count from the third day of treatment. Aspergillus antigenemia and a follow-up chest CT scan were scheduled after the end of treatment. Results: Initially, In view of the intensity of the induction treatment received, leuconeutropenia and in order of frequency, the 2 most evoked causes were CMV et covid19 but the CT aspect straightened the diagnosis, which was supported by aspergillary antigenemia. The emerging interest of this case report is the clinical and computed tomography discordance and the unusual rapidly favorable outcome to an aspect of angioinvasive pulmonary aspergillosis which usually show respiratory signs such as cough, hemoptysis or even respiratory distress. Conclusions: Invasive mycoses, associated with significant morbidity and mortality, are a frequent difficulty in solid organ transplantation. The clinical pictures differ and we could be faced with an atypical presentation which affects the therapeutic management. No conflict of interest