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Antibodies to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in All of Us Research Program Participants, 2 January to 18 March 2020.
Althoff, Keri N; Schlueter, David J; Anton-Culver, Hoda; Cherry, James; Denny, Joshua C; Thomsen, Isaac; Karlson, Elizabeth W; Havers, Fiona P; Cicek, Mine S; Thibodeau, Stephen N; Pinto, Ligia A; Lowy, Douglas; Malin, Bradley A; Ohno-Machado, Lucila; Williams, Carolyn; Goldstein, David; Kouame, Aymone; Ramirez, Andrea; Roman, Adrienne; Sharpless, Norman E; Gebo, Kelly A; Schully, Sheri D.
  • Althoff KN; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
  • Schlueter DJ; All of Us Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
  • Anton-Culver H; National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
  • Cherry J; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
  • Denny JC; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
  • Thomsen I; All of Us Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
  • Karlson EW; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
  • Havers FP; Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
  • Cicek MS; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Thibodeau SN; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
  • Pinto LA; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
  • Lowy D; Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
  • Malin BA; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
  • Ohno-Machado L; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
  • Williams C; School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
  • Goldstein D; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
  • Kouame A; Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
  • Ramirez A; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
  • Roman A; All of Us Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
  • Sharpless NE; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
  • Gebo KA; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
  • Schully SD; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Clin Infect Dis ; 74(4): 584-590, 2022 03 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1709326
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

With limited severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) testing capacity in the United States at the start of the epidemic (January-March 2020), testing was focused on symptomatic patients with a travel history throughout February, obscuring the picture of SARS-CoV-2 seeding and community transmission. We sought to identify individuals with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the early weeks of the US epidemic.

METHODS:

All of Us study participants in all 50 US states provided blood specimens during study visits from 2 January to 18 March 2020. Participants were considered seropositive if they tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies with the Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the EUROIMMUN SARS-CoV-2 ELISA in a sequential testing algorithm. The sensitivity and specificity of these ELISAs and the net sensitivity and specificity of the sequential testing algorithm were estimated, along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS:

The estimated sensitivities of the Abbott and EUROIMMUN assays were 100% (107 of 107 [95% CI 96.6%-100%]) and 90.7% (97 of 107 [83.5%-95.4%]), respectively, and the estimated specificities were 99.5% (995 of 1000 [98.8%-99.8%]) and 99.7% (997 of 1000 [99.1%-99.9%]), respectively. The net sensitivity and specificity of our sequential testing algorithm were 90.7% (97 of 107 [95% CI 83.5%-95.4%]) and 100.0% (1000 of 1000 [99.6%-100%]), respectively. Of the 24 079 study participants with blood specimens from 2 January to 18 March 2020, 9 were seropositive, 7 before the first confirmed case in the states of Illinois, Massachusetts, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, and Mississippi.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our findings identified SARS-CoV-2 infections weeks before the first recognized cases in 5 US states.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Population Health / COVID-19 Type of study: Diagnostic study / Prognostic study Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Clin Infect Dis Journal subject: Communicable Diseases Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Cid

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Population Health / COVID-19 Type of study: Diagnostic study / Prognostic study Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Clin Infect Dis Journal subject: Communicable Diseases Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Cid