Detection of Eight Cannabinoids and One Tracer in Wastewater and River Water by SPE-UPLC–ESI-MS/MS
Water
; 14(4):588, 2022.
Article
in English
| ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-1715843
ABSTRACT
The consumption of illicit drugs represents a global social and economic problem. Using suitable analytical methods, monitoring, and detection of different illegal drugs residues and their metabolites in wastewater samples can help combat this problem. Our article defines a method to develop, validate, and practically applicate a rapid and robust analytical process for the evaluation of six naturally occurring cannabinoids (CBG, CBD, CBDV, CBN, THC, THCV), two cannabinoids in acidic form (CBDA, THCA-A), and the major cannabis-related human metabolite (THC-COOH). After SPE offline enrichment, we used a UPLC–ESI-MS/MS system, which permitted the determination of several by-products. Studied matrices were samples of different origins (i) effluent water from a wastewater treatment plant in the Porto urban area;(ii) environmental water from Febros River, the last left-bank tributary of the Douro River. The multi-residue approach was substantiated and successfully employed to analyze the water samples collected in the above locations. The rapid and precise quantification of nine different cannabinoids in different water samples occurred within nine minutes at the ng L−1 level. The appearance of dozens of ng L−1 of some cannabis secondary metabolites, such as CBD, CBDA, CBN, THCA-A, indicates this plant species’ widespread usage among the general population in the considered area.
Environmental Studies; hemp; Cannabis sativa; cannabinoids; wastewater; drug consumption; liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; Cannabis; Tetrahydrocannabinol--THC; Surface water; Water treatment; Water sampling; Rivers; Scientific imaging; Metabolites; Metabolism; Tetrahydrocannabinol; Chromatography; Plant species; COVID-19; Marijuana; Urban areas; Tracers; Economics; Water pollution effects; Drug use; Wastewater facilities; Economic analysis; Detection; Secondary metabolites; Substance abuse treatment; Wastewater treatment; Tributaries; Population; Criminal statistics; Wastewater treatment plants; Trends; Epidemiology; Drugs; Water analysis; Analytical methods; Cannabidiol; By products; Water samples; River water; Cocaine; Residues; Italy; Portugal
Full text:
Available
Collection:
Databases of international organizations
Database:
ProQuest Central
Language:
English
Journal:
Water
Year:
2022
Document Type:
Article
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