Coronavirus: a threat to global public health
Indian Journal of Community Health
; 32(1):19-24, 2020.
Article
in English
| GIM | ID: covidwho-1717500
ABSTRACT
Previously considered of meagre significance to the human race, coronaviruses have effectively evolved to jump the species barrier and cause widespread contagion in mankind. The SARS pandemic, the MERS situation in the middle - east and the ongoing COVID 201 9 epidemic are all attributed to this evolving virus. COVID 2019 is the seventh coronavirus isolated successfully and the third beta-coronavirus that causes a fatal illness in humans;the other two beta-coronaviruses being severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) CoV and middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS) CoV. Having a natural reservoir in bats these viruses infect humans through an intermediate host and then rapidly adapt and mutate for human to human transmissions. Four other known alpha coronaviruses cause only common cold in humans. Although mortality rate of COVID 2019 epidemic is lower at 2.5% than the previous two CoV outbreaks, that is, 9.6% in SARS and 34.4% in MERS, but rapid transmissibility points towards a sustained epidemic of epic proportions. In the absence of any specific treatment protocols and experimental vaccines still under research, management largely depends upon symptomatic therapy, strict infection control and quarantine measures. Restriction of human interactions with known animal sources of the virus as a measure of prevention is essentially required. Owing to huge genetic diversity and frequent genomic recombination, novel coronaviruses might emerge periodically, warranting the need for extensive research and development of effective treatments and vaccines.
human diseases; common cold; death; disease control; epidemics; epidemiology; genetic diversity; infection control; infectious diseases; intermediate hosts; mortality; outbreaks; pandemics; public health; quarantine; recombination; reservoir hosts; severe acute respiratory syndrome; hosts; man; Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus; Chiroptera; Coronaviridae; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; Middle East; Homo; Hominidae; primates; mammals; vertebrates; Chordata; animals; eukaryotes; Betacoronavirus; Coronavirinae; Nidovirales; positive-sense ssRNA Viruses; ssRNA Viruses; RNA Viruses; viruses; Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Coronavirus disease; Coronavirus; MERS-CoV; communicable diseases; secondary hosts; Near East; death rate; genetic recombination; animal reservoirs; Sars
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Collection:
Databases of international organizations
Database:
GIM
Language:
English
Journal:
Indian Journal of Community Health
Year:
2020
Document Type:
Article
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