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Neutralizing Antibody Response to Pseudotype Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Differs Between mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccines and by History of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.
Tyner, Harmony L; Burgess, Jefferey L; Grant, Lauren; Gaglani, Manjusha; Kuntz, Jennifer L; Naleway, Allison L; Thornburg, Natalie J; Caban-Martinez, Alberto J; Yoon, Sarang K; Herring, Meghan K; Beitel, Shawn C; Blanton, Lenee; Nikolich-Zugich, Janko; Thiese, Matthew S; Pleasants, Jessica Flores; Fowlkes, Ashley L; Lutrick, Karen; Dunnigan, Kayan; Yoo, Young M; Rose, Spencer; Groom, Holly; Meece, Jennifer; Wesley, Meredith G; Schaefer-Solle, Natasha; Louzado-Feliciano, Paola; Edwards, Laura J; Olsho, Lauren E W; Thompson, Mark G.
  • Tyner HL; St. Luke's Regional Health Care System, Duluth, Minnesota, USA.
  • Burgess JL; The Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health and the College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
  • Grant L; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, GeorgiaUSA.
  • Gaglani M; Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas, USA.
  • Kuntz JL; Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA.
  • Naleway AL; Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA.
  • Thornburg NJ; Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA.
  • Caban-Martinez AJ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, GeorgiaUSA.
  • Yoon SK; the Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
  • Herring MK; Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
  • Beitel SC; Abt Associates, Inc, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
  • Blanton L; The Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health and the College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
  • Nikolich-Zugich J; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, GeorgiaUSA.
  • Thiese MS; The Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health and the College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
  • Pleasants JF; Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
  • Fowlkes AL; Abt Associates, Inc, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
  • Lutrick K; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, GeorgiaUSA.
  • Dunnigan K; The Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health and the College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
  • Yoo YM; Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas, USA.
  • Rose S; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, GeorgiaUSA.
  • Groom H; Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas, USA.
  • Meece J; Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA.
  • Wesley MG; Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA.
  • Schaefer-Solle N; Abt Associates, Inc, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
  • Louzado-Feliciano P; the Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
  • Edwards LJ; the Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
  • Olsho LEW; Abt Associates, Inc, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
  • Thompson MG; Abt Associates, Inc, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
Clin Infect Dis ; 75(1): e827-e837, 2022 Aug 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1722268
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Data on the development of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 after SARS-CoV-2 infection and after vaccination with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are limited.

METHODS:

From a prospective cohort of 3975 adult essential and frontline workers tested weekly from August 2020 to March 2021 for SARS-CoV-2 infection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay irrespective of symptoms, 497 participants had sera drawn after infection (170), vaccination (327), and after both infection and vaccination (50 from the infection population). Serum was collected after infection and each vaccine dose. Serum-neutralizing antibody titers against USA-WA1/2020-spike pseudotype virus were determined by the 50% inhibitory dilution. Geometric mean titers (GMTs) and corresponding fold increases were calculated using t tests and linear mixed-effects models.

RESULTS:

Among 170 unvaccinated participants with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 158 (93%) developed nAbs with a GMT of 1003 (95% confidence interval, 766-1315). Among 139 previously uninfected participants, 138 (99%) developed nAbs after mRNA vaccine dose 2 with a GMT of 3257 (2596-4052). GMT was higher among those receiving mRNA-1273 vaccine (GMT, 4698; 3186-6926) compared with BNT162b2 vaccine (GMT, 2309; 1825-2919). Among 32 participants with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, GMT was 21 655 (14 766-31 756) after mRNA vaccine dose 1, without further increase after dose 2.

CONCLUSIONS:

A single dose of mRNA vaccine after SARS-CoV-2 infection resulted in the highest observed nAb response. Two doses of mRNA vaccine in previously uninfected participants resulted in higher nAbs to SARS-CoV-2 than after 1 dose of vaccine or SARS-CoV-2 infection alone. nAb response also differed by mRNA vaccine product.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 Vaccines / COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Vaccines Limits: Adult / Humans Language: English Journal: Clin Infect Dis Journal subject: Communicable Diseases Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Cid

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 Vaccines / COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Vaccines Limits: Adult / Humans Language: English Journal: Clin Infect Dis Journal subject: Communicable Diseases Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Cid