Critical etnography of micro PPKM policy in the COVID-19 pandemic: a study based on the perception of micro entrepreneurs

ABSTRACT

In an effort to limit the spread of Covid-19, the Indonesian government through the provincial and district or city governments implemented the Micro PPKM policy which was implemented in almost all sub-districts and remote villages. This condition certainly brings positive and negative implications for society both economically and socially. This study aims: first, to find out the reality of the cultural theme of the impact of the implementation of the Micro PPKM policy that is currently happening. Second, a critical review of government policies related to Micro PPKM based on John Rawls' justice perspective. This type of research is included in the critical paradigm, while the research design is critical ethnography, which combines James Spradley's realist ethnographic approach and John Rawls' theory of justice. The results of the analysis of cultural themes indicate a decrease in the sense of community awareness, a decrease in the value of distributive justice related to the provision of incentives in the context of empowering MSMEs, a decrease in the income of micro business actors during Micro PPKM, strengthening the justification that the nature of the micro business sector is informal. Meanwhile, John Rawls's theory of justice analysis shows that based on the social values adopted by the Indonesian people, micro-enterprises operating in the afternoon until the evening demand equal treatment regarding the distribution of incentives as compensation for the impact of the implementation of Micro PPKM.