The COVID-19 Pandemic and Levels of Physical Activity in the Last Trimester, Life Satisfaction and Perceived Stress in Late Pregnancy and in the Early Puerperium.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the levels of physical activity during the third trimester of pregnancy, life satisfaction and stress in women in late pregnancy and early postpartum. METHODS: The study was conducted among 740 patients of maternity wards in Cracow hospitals on days 1-8 postpartum. Patients who were surveyed before the pandemic (December 2019-March 2020) were included in the prepandemic group (PPan n = 252). The second group of women (COVID 1 group, Cov1 n = 262) was examined in the early stages of the pandemic (May-September 2020). In turn, participants who were surveyed during the population vaccination campaign (June-September 2021) were qualified to the COVID 2 group (Cov2 n = 226). The research tools used were the original questionnaire in addition to standardized questionnaires assessing physical activity in the last trimester of pregnancy (the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire); previous life satisfaction (the Satisfaction with Life Scale); and stress levels during the last month (the Perceived Stress Scale). RESULTS: During the pandemic, women reduced the level of energy spent on total physical activity; nevertheless, statistically significant differences were found only between the PPan and Cov2 groups (p = 0.001). At the early stages of the pandemic, patients significantly reduced mobility activities (Cov1 vs. PPan p < 0.001; Cov1 vs. Cov2 p = 0.007), while late in the pandemic they spent less energy on household activities (Cov2 vs. PPan p = 0.002, Cov2 vs. Cov1 p = 0.002). There were no differences in the levels of stress and life satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the level of physical activity; however, it did not change levels of perceived stress and life satisfaction in women in late-stage pregnancy and in the early puerperium.