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Advances in the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, clinical management and prevention of coronavirus disease 2019.
Hui, David S C; Zumla, Alimuddin.
  • Hui DSC; Department of Medicine & Therapeutics and Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
  • Zumla A; Division of Infection and Immunity, Department of Infection, Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals, London, UK.
Curr Opin Pulm Med ; 28(3): 166-173, 2022 05 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1735688
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The current article reviews the latest information on the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnostics, clinical management and prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). RECENT

FINDINGS:

Atypical pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 emerged in December 2019 in a market in Wuhan, China and rapidly evolved into a pandemic in March 2020. Viral loads of patients with COVID-19 peak in the first week of illness around day 2-4 and hence there is very high-transmission potential causing community outbreaks. Asymptomatic and presymptomatic transmission is a hallmark of COVID-19. Several variants of concern (VOC) have emerged over the last 2 years and Omicron is the predominant variant in many countries. PCR is the standard diagnostic test while rapid antigen test is a useful supplementary test. Serology tests provide indirect evidence of infection 1 -2 weeks after the onset of symptoms. Molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir are oral antiviral agents that may reduce the risk of hospitalization and deaths if administered early to high-risk subjects. Remdesivir, baricitinib, anti-IL-6 tocilizumab and dexamethasone are frequently used for treatment of patients with respiratory failure.

SUMMARY:

COVID-19 pandemic progresses relentlessly with substantial morbidity and mortality especially in unvaccinated subjects. Mass COVID-19 vaccinations are the most important measure for control of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Respiratory Insufficiency / COVID-19 Type of study: Diagnostic study / Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Vaccines / Variants Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Curr Opin Pulm Med Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: MCP.0000000000000875

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Respiratory Insufficiency / COVID-19 Type of study: Diagnostic study / Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Vaccines / Variants Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Curr Opin Pulm Med Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: MCP.0000000000000875