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Biomedical detection dogs for the identification of SARS-CoV-2 infections from axillary sweat and breath samples*.
Devillier, Philippe; Gallet, Capucine; Salvator, Hélène; Lecoq-Julien, Clothilde; Naline, Emmanuel; Roisse, Didier; Levert, Clément; Breton, Erwan; Galtat, Arnaud; Decourtray, Sandra; Prevel, Laura; Grassin-Delyle, Stanislas; Grandjean, Dominique.
  • Devillier P; Laboratoire de recherche en Pharmacologie Respiratoire-VIM Suresnes, UMR_0892, University Paris-Saclay, Suresnes, France.
  • Gallet C; Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Foch (Foch Hospital), Suresnes, France.
  • Salvator H; FHU SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavour to PerSonalize Interventions for Sepsis), France.
  • Lecoq-Julien C; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort (Alfort School of Veterinary Medicine), University Paris-East, Maisons-Alfort, France.
  • Naline E; Laboratoire de recherche en Pharmacologie Respiratoire-VIM Suresnes, UMR_0892, University Paris-Saclay, Suresnes, France.
  • Roisse D; Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Foch (Foch Hospital), Suresnes, France.
  • Levert C; FHU SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavour to PerSonalize Interventions for Sepsis), France.
  • Breton E; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort (Alfort School of Veterinary Medicine), University Paris-East, Maisons-Alfort, France.
  • Galtat A; Laboratoire de recherche en Pharmacologie Respiratoire-VIM Suresnes, UMR_0892, University Paris-Saclay, Suresnes, France.
  • Decourtray S; Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Foch (Foch Hospital), Suresnes, France.
  • Prevel L; FHU SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavour to PerSonalize Interventions for Sepsis), France.
  • Grassin-Delyle S; Service Départemental d'Incendie et de Secours 60 (Oise County Fire and Rescue Service), Tillé, France.
  • Grandjean D; Service Départemental d'Incendie et de Secours 78 (Yvelines County Fire and Rescue Service), Versailles, France.
J Breath Res ; 16(3)2022 04 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1740724
ABSTRACT
A Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test of a nasal swab is still the 'gold standard' for detecting a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, PCR testing could be usefully complemented by non-invasive, fast, reliable, cheap methods for detecting infected individuals in busy areas (e.g. airports and railway stations) or remote areas. Detection of the volatile, semivolatile and non-volatile compound signature of SARS-CoV-2 infection by trained sniffer dogs might meet these requirements. Previous studies have shown that well-trained dogs can detect SARS-CoV-2 in sweat, saliva and urine samples. The objective of the present study was to assess the performance of dogs trained to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in axillary-sweat-stained gauzes and on expired breath trapped in surgical masks. The samples were provided by individuals suffering from mild-to-severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), asymptomatic individuals, and individuals vaccinated against COVID-19.

Results:

Seven trained dogs tested on 886 presentations of sweat samples from 241 subjects and detected SARS-CoV-2 with a diagnostic sensitivity (relative to the PCR test result) of 89.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 86.4%-92.2%) and a specificity of 83.9% (95% CI 80.3%-87.0%)-even when people with a low viral load were included in the analysis. When considering the 207 presentations of sweat samples from vaccinated individuals, the sensitivity and specificity were respectively 85.7% (95% CI 68.5%-94.3%) and 86.0% (95% CI 80.2%-90.3%). The likelihood of a false-positive result was greater in the two weeks immediately after COVID-19 vaccination. Four of the seven dogs also tested on 262 presentations of mask samples from 98 subjects; the diagnostic sensitivity was 83.1% (95% CI 73.2%-89.9%) and the specificity was 88.6% (95% CI 83.3%-92.4%). There was no difference (McNemar's testP= 0.999) in the dogs' abilities to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in paired samples of sweat-stained gauzes vs surgical masks worn for only 10 min.

Conclusion:

Our findings confirm the promise of SARS-CoV-2 screening by detection dogs and broaden the method's scope to vaccinated individuals and easy-to-obtain face masks, and suggest that a 'dogs + confirmatory rapid antigen detection tests' screening strategy might be worth investigating.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 Type of study: Diagnostic study Topics: Vaccines Limits: Animals / Humans Language: English Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: 1752-7163

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 Type of study: Diagnostic study Topics: Vaccines Limits: Animals / Humans Language: English Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: 1752-7163