Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression in Iranian Health Care Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Covid-19 pandemic has imposed a significant effect on mental health of the health care workers. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at determining the pooled prevalence of anxiety and depression among Iranian health care workers during the Covid-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: To conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis, Web of Science, Scopus, Medline (PubMed), Embase, SID, Magiran databases and Google Scholar search engine were investigated to find studies over the prevalence of anxiety and depression among health care workers during the Covid-19 pandemic from December 2019 to June 10, 2021. Quality of the primary studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa tool and the random effects model was applied to estimate the pooled prevalence. Furthermore, χ2 test and I2 index were used to evaluate the degree of heterogeneity among the studies. The pooled prevalence of anxiety and depression in different subgroups was reported based on the severity of anxiety and depression, assessment tools, and staff jobs. Results: Of 488 articles obtained as a result of the initial search, 10 related studies were identified and entered into the systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of anxiety was 42% (95% CI 25-75) and the pooled prevalence of depression was 35% (95% CI 19-55). The pooled prevalence of anxiety was 54% (95% CI 39-70) in the occupational group of nurses and 29% (95% CI 17-44) among all health care workers. The pooled prevalence of depression was 46% (95% CI 30 to 63) and 17% (95% CI 10 to 26) among nurses and all health workers, respectively. Conclusion: According to the findings, a high prevalence of anxiety and depression was observed among the health care workers of Iran during the Covid-19 epidemic. The authorities are required to plan for preventive and therapeutic interventions to reduce the psychological burden of the epidemic. © 2022 The Authors.