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SARS-CoV-2 infections in mRNA vaccinated individuals are biased for viruses encoding spike E484K and associated with reduced infectious virus loads that correlate with respiratory antiviral IgG levels.
Mostafa, Heba H; Luo, Chun Huai; Morris, C Paul; Li, Maggie; Swanson, Nicholas J; Amadi, Adannaya; Gallagher, Nicholas; Pekosz, Andrew.
  • Mostafa HH; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Microbiology, 600 N. Wolfe St, Meyer B-121F, Baltimore, MD, 21287 USA. Electronic address: hmostaf2@jhmi.edu.
  • Luo CH; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Microbiology, 600 N. Wolfe St, Meyer B-121F, Baltimore, MD, 21287 USA.
  • Morris CP; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Microbiology, 600 N. Wolfe St, Meyer B-121F, Baltimore, MD, 21287 USA; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
  • Li M; W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
  • Swanson NJ; W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
  • Amadi A; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Microbiology, 600 N. Wolfe St, Meyer B-121F, Baltimore, MD, 21287 USA.
  • Gallagher N; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Microbiology, 600 N. Wolfe St, Meyer B-121F, Baltimore, MD, 21287 USA.
  • Pekosz A; W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 615 North Wolfe Street, rm W2116, Baltimore, MD, 21205-2103 USA. Electronic address: ap
J Clin Virol ; 150-151: 105151, 2022 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1773460
ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION:

COVID-19 large scale immunization in the US has been associated with breakthrough positive molecular testing. In this study, we investigated whether a positive test is associated with a high anti-viral IgG, specific viral variant, recovery of infectious virus, or symptomatic infection during an early phase after vaccination rollout.

METHODS:

We identified 133 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients who had received two doses of either Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) or Moderna (mRNA-1273) vaccines, the 2nd of which was received between January and April of 2021. The positive samples were collected between January and May of 2021. Samples were sequenced to characterize the whole genome and Spike protein changes and cycle thresholds that reflect viral loads were determined using a single molecular assay. Respiratory SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were examined using ELISA and specimens were grown on cell culture to assess the recovery of infectious virus as compared to a control unvaccinated cohort.

RESULTS:

Of 133 specimens, 24 failed sequencing and yielded a negative or very low viral load on the repeat PCR. Of 109 specimens that were used for further genome analysis, 68 (62.4%) were from symptomatic infections, 11 (10.1%) were admitted for COVID-19, and 2 (1.8%) required ICU admission with no associated mortality. The predominant virus variant was the Alpha (B.1.1.7), however a significant association between lineage B.1.526 and amino acid change S E484K with positives after vaccination was noted. A significant reduction of the recovery of infectious virus on cell culture was accompanied by an increase in localized IgG levels in respiratory samples of vaccinated individuals.

CONCLUSIONS:

Vaccination reduces the recovery of infectious virus in breakthrough infections caused primarily by the Alpha variant accompanied by an increase in upper respiratory tract IgG levels.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Vaccines / Variants Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: J Clin Virol Journal subject: Virology Year: 2022 Document Type: Article

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Vaccines / Variants Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: J Clin Virol Journal subject: Virology Year: 2022 Document Type: Article