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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccination Boosts Neutralizing Activity Against Seasonal Human Coronaviruses.
Lawrenz, Jan; Xie, Qinya; Zech, Fabian; Weil, Tatjana; Seidel, Alina; Krnavek, Daniela; van der Hoek, Lia; Münch, Jan; Müller, Janis A; Kirchhoff, Frank.
  • Lawrenz J; Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
  • Xie Q; Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
  • Zech F; Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
  • Weil T; Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
  • Seidel A; Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
  • Krnavek D; Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
  • van der Hoek L; Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
  • Münch J; Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
  • Müller JA; Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
  • Kirchhoff F; Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
Clin Infect Dis ; 75(1): e653-e661, 2022 08 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1774348
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Most of the millions of people that are vaccinated against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), have previously been infected by related circulating human coronaviruses (hCoVs) causing common colds and will experience further encounters with these viruses in the future. Whether COVID-19 vaccinations impact neutralization of seasonal coronaviruses is largely unknown.

METHODS:

We analyzed the capacity of sera derived from 24 individuals before and after heterologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 BNT162b2 prime-boost vaccination to neutralize genuine OC43, NL63, and 229E hCoVs, as well as viral pseudoparticles carrying the SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)-CoV, and hCoV-OC43, hCoV-NL63, and hCoV-229E spike proteins. Genuine hCoVs or spike containing pseudovirions were incubated with different concentrations of sera and neutralization efficiencies were determined by measuring viral RNA yields, intracellular viral nucleocapsid expression, or reporter gene expression in Huh-7 cells.

RESULTS:

All individuals showed strong preexisting immunity against hCoV-OC43. Neutralization of hCoV-NL63 was more variable and all sera showed only modest inhibitory activity against genuine hCoV-229E. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination resulted in efficient cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV-1 but not of MERS-CoV. On average, vaccination significantly increased the neutralizing activity against genuine hCoV-OC43, hCoV-NL63, and hCoV-229E.

CONCLUSIONS:

Heterologous COVID-19 vaccination may confer some cross-protection against endemic seasonal coronaviruses.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Coronavirus 229E, Human / Coronavirus OC43, Human / Coronavirus NL63, Human / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Clin Infect Dis Journal subject: Communicable Diseases Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Cid

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Coronavirus 229E, Human / Coronavirus OC43, Human / Coronavirus NL63, Human / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Clin Infect Dis Journal subject: Communicable Diseases Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Cid