Immunogenicity and Risk Factors Associated With Poor Humoral Immune Response of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Recipients of Solid Organ Transplant: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
JAMA Netw Open
; 5(4): e226822, 2022 04 01.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1782543
ABSTRACT
Importance Recipients of solid organ transplant (SOT) experience decreased immunogenicity after COVID-19 vaccination. Objective:
To summarize current evidence on vaccine responses and identify risk factors for diminished humoral immune response in recipients of SOT. Data Sources A literature search was conducted from existence of database through December 15, 2021, using MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Study Selection Studies reporting humoral immune response of the COVID-19 vaccines in recipients of SOT were reviewed. Data Extraction andSynthesis:
Two reviewers independently extracted data from each eligible study. Descriptive statistics and a random-effects model were used. This report was prepared following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline. Data were analyzed from December 2021 to February 2022. Main Outcomes andMeasures:
The total numbers of positive immune responses and percentage across each vaccine platform were recorded. Pooled odds ratios (pORs) with 95% CIs were used to calculate the pooled effect estimates of risk factors for poor antibody response.Results:
A total of 83 studies were included for the systematic review, and 29 studies were included in the meta-analysis, representing 11â¯713 recipients of SOT. The weighted mean (range) of total positive humoral response for antispike antibodies after receipt of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine was 10.4% (0%-37.9%) for 1 dose, 44.9% (0%-79.1%) for 2 doses, and 63.1% (49.1%-69.1%) for 3 doses. In 2 studies, 50% of recipients of SOT with no or minimal antibody response after 3 doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine mounted an antibody response after a fourth dose. Among the factors associated with poor antibody response were older age (mean [SE] age difference between responders and nonresponders, 3.94 [1.1] years), deceased donor status (pOR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.53-0.83]; I2 = 0%), antimetabolite use (pOR, 0.21 [95% CI, 0.14-0.29]; I2 = 70%), recent rituximab exposure (pOR, 0.21 [95% CI, 0.07-0.61]; I2 = 0%), and recent antithymocyte globulin exposure (pOR, 0.32 [95% CI, 0.15-0.71]; I2 = 0%). Conclusions and Relevance In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the rates of positive antibody response in solid organ transplant recipients remained low despite multiple doses of mRNA vaccines. These findings suggest that more efforts are needed to modulate the risk factors associated with reduced humoral responses and to study monoclonal antibody prophylaxis among recipients of SOT who are at high risk of diminished humoral response.
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Organ Transplantation
/
COVID-19
Type of study:
Prognostic study
/
Randomized controlled trials
/
Reviews
/
Systematic review/Meta Analysis
Topics:
Vaccines
Limits:
Child, preschool
/
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
JAMA Netw Open
Year:
2022
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Jamanetworkopen.2022.6822
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