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Autoantibodies in COVID-19 correlate with antiviral humoral responses and distinct immune signatures.
Taeschler, Patrick; Cervia, Carlo; Zurbuchen, Yves; Hasler, Sara; Pou, Christian; Tan, Ziyang; Adamo, Sarah; Raeber, Miro E; Bächli, Esther; Rudiger, Alain; Stüssi-Helbling, Melina; Huber, Lars C; Brodin, Petter; Nilsson, Jakob; Probst-Müller, Elsbeth; Boyman, Onur.
  • Taeschler P; Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
  • Cervia C; Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
  • Zurbuchen Y; Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
  • Hasler S; Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
  • Pou C; Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
  • Tan Z; Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
  • Adamo S; Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
  • Raeber ME; Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
  • Bächli E; Clinic for Internal Medicine, Hirslanden Klinik St. Anna, Lucerne, Switzerland.
  • Rudiger A; Department of Medicine, Limmattal Hospital, Schlieren, Switzerland.
  • Stüssi-Helbling M; Clinic for Internal Medicine, City Hospital Triemli Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
  • Huber LC; Clinic for Internal Medicine, City Hospital Triemli Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
  • Brodin P; Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
  • Nilsson J; Pediatric Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden.
  • Probst-Müller E; Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK.
  • Boyman O; Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Allergy ; 77(8): 2415-2430, 2022 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1784579
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Several autoimmune features occur during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with possible implications for disease course, immunity, and autoimmune pathology. In this study, we longitudinally screened for clinically relevant systemic autoantibodies to assess their prevalence, temporal trajectory, and association with immunity, comorbidities, and severity of COVID-19.

METHODS:

We performed highly sensitive indirect immunofluorescence assays to detect antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), along with serum proteomics and virome-wide serological profiling in a multicentric cohort of 175 COVID-19 patients followed up to 1 year after infection, eleven vaccinated individuals, and 41 unexposed controls.

RESULTS:

Compared with healthy controls, similar prevalence and patterns of ANA were present in patients during acute COVID-19 and recovery. However, the paired analysis revealed a subgroup of patients with transient presence of certain ANA patterns during acute COVID-19. Furthermore, patients with severe COVID-19 exhibited a high prevalence of ANCA during acute disease. These autoantibodies were quantitatively associated with higher SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody titers in COVID-19 patients and in vaccinated individuals, thus linking autoantibody production to increased antigen-specific humoral responses. Notably, the qualitative breadth of antibodies cross-reactive with other coronaviruses was comparable in ANA-positive and ANA-negative individuals during acute COVID-19. In autoantibody-positive patients, multiparametric characterization demonstrated an inflammatory signature during acute COVID-19 and alterations of the B-cell compartment after recovery.

CONCLUSION:

Highly sensitive indirect immunofluorescence assays revealed transient autoantibody production during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, while the presence of autoantibodies in COVID-19 patients correlated with increased antiviral humoral immune responses and inflammatory immune signatures.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Autoantibodies / COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Diagnostic study / Observational study / Prognostic study / Qualitative research / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Allergy Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: All.15302

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Autoantibodies / COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Diagnostic study / Observational study / Prognostic study / Qualitative research / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Allergy Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: All.15302