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Time dependent decline of neutralizing antibody titers in COVID-19 patients from Pune, India and evidence of reinfection.
Doke, Purwa; Gothankar, Jayshree Sachin; Doke, Prakash Prabhakarrao; Kulkarni, Milind Madhukar; Khalate, Kiran Kishanrao; Shrivastava, Shubham; Patil, Jayesh Rangrao; Arankalle, Vidya Avinash.
  • Doke P; Department of Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College, Pune-Satara Road, Katraj, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India.
  • Gothankar JS; Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College, Pune-Satara Road, Katraj, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India.
  • Doke PP; Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College, Pune-Satara Road, Katraj, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India.
  • Kulkarni MM; Civil Hospital, Aundh, Pune 411027, Maharashtra, India.
  • Khalate KK; Civil Hospital, Aundh, Pune 411027, Maharashtra, India.
  • Shrivastava S; Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune-Satara Road, Katraj, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
  • Patil JR; Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College, Pune-Satara Road, Katraj, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India.
  • Arankalle VA; Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune-Satara Road, Katraj, Pune, Maharashtra, India. Electronic address: vidya.arankalle@bharatividyapeeth.edu.
Microbes Infect ; 24(4): 104979, 2022 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1796311
ABSTRACT

PURPOSE:

To assess modulation of neutralizing antibody titers in COVID-19 patients and understand association of variables such as age, presence of comorbidity, BMI and gender with antibody titers.

METHODS:

Patients (n = 100) diagnosed from 20th March 2020 to 17th August 2020 and treated at two large hospitals from Pune, India were included and followed up (clinical and serologic) for varied periods. IgG-anti-SARS-CoV-2 (Spike protein-based ELISA) and neutralizing antibody titers (NAb, PRNT) were determined in all the samples.

RESULTS:

Of the 100 patients enrolled initially (median 60 days of diagnosis), follow up samples were collected from 70 patients (median 106 days of diagnosis). Overall, NAb titers reduced significantly (p < 0.001) and as early as 3-4 months. During two visits, 20% and 7.1% patients reported some symptoms. At the first visit, NAb titers were higher in patients with severe disease (p < 0.001), comorbidities (p < 0.005), age <50 years (p < 0.05) and male gender (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified older age (p < 0.001), duration post-diagnosis and female gender as independent variables influencing NAb titers (negative correlation, p < 0.05). During the follow-up, reduction in NAb titers was recorded in patients with comorbidity (p < 0.05), mild disease (p < 0.05), age <50 years (p < 0.05), higher BMI (p < 0.05) and male gender (p < 0.001). Serology identified six cases of asymptomatic reinfections.

CONCLUSIONS:

Decline of NAb titers was associated with age <50 years, mild disease, comorbidities, higher BMI and male gender. At the time of follow up, 8/70 (11.4%) patients lacked neutralizing antibodies. Evidence of 6 probable asymptomatic reinfections suggests waning of immunity, but, probable protection from clinical disease needing hospitalization.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: Microbes Infect Journal subject: Allergy and Immunology / Microbiology Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.micinf.2022.104979

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: Microbes Infect Journal subject: Allergy and Immunology / Microbiology Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.micinf.2022.104979