Gut Dysbiosis: A Major Concern to Combat Diseases such as COVID-19

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The presence of millions of bacteria in the gut aids in immune homeostasis, involved in the synthesis of vitamins, innate and adaptive immunity, IgA production, modulation of immune response and suppression of pathogenic bacteria etc. Any disturbance will cause immune imbalance, predisposes individuals to diseases such as metabolic syndromes, central nervous system disruption, cardiovascular diseases and abnormal blood coagulation profile. The sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy dietary habits, nonexposure to sunlight results in a weakened immune system. Several studies reported that the generation of free radicals, oxidative stress, depletion of vitamin D in the body leads to various dysfunctions. Prolonged usage of medications, antibiotics and unhealthy food habits will increase free radicals, inflammation, DNA damage and cell injury. Therefore, the body is more prone to infections by bacteria, viruses, fungi etc. Studies reported the depletion of gut bacteria with immunomodulatory potential in COVID-19 patients. Materials and method: It is crucial to have stronger immune system to combat diseases. Regular use of probiotics, inclusion of dietary fibre helps in the growth of good bacteria in the gut. Results: A healthy life style, good dietary habits, regular exercise, exposure to sunlight, antioxidants and intake of probiotics will help in the growth of good bacteria which will boost the immunity. The microbiota acts like a protective shield against harmful microbes. Conclusion: Maintenance of gut microflora and healthy life style will help us fight against various non-infectious and infectious diseases such as novel COVID-19.