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Role of Diagnostics in Epidemiology, Management, Surveillance, and Control of Leptospirosis.
Sykes, Jane E; Reagan, Krystle L; Nally, Jarlath E; Galloway, Renee L; Haake, David A.
  • Sykes JE; Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
  • Reagan KL; Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
  • Nally JE; Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA Agriculture Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
  • Galloway RL; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
  • Haake DA; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.
Pathogens ; 11(4)2022 Mar 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1798887
ABSTRACT
A One Health approach to the epidemiology, management, surveillance, and control of leptospirosis relies on accessible and accurate diagnostics that can be applied to humans and companion animals and livestock. Diagnosis should be multifaceted and take into account exposure risk, clinical presentation, and multiple direct and/or indirect diagnostic approaches. Methods of direct detection of Leptospira spp. include culture, histopathology and immunostaining of tissues or clinical specimens, and nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs). Indirect serologic methods to detect leptospiral antibodies include the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and lateral flow methods. Rapid diagnostics that can be applied at the point-of-care; NAAT and lateral flow serologic tests are essential for management of acute infection and control of outbreaks. Culture is essential to an understanding of regional knowledge of circulating strains, and we discuss recent improvements in methods for cultivation, genomic sequencing, and serotyping. We review the limitations of NAATs, MAT, and other diagnostic approaches in the context of our expanding understanding of the diversity of pathogenic Leptospira spp. Novel approaches are needed, such as loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based approaches to leptospiral nucleic acid detection.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Diagnostic study / Observational study / Prognostic study Language: English Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Pathogens11040395

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Diagnostic study / Observational study / Prognostic study Language: English Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Pathogens11040395