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Impacts of international trade on global inequality of energy and water use.
Li, Hao; Liu, Xianmei; Wang, Song; Wang, Zhaohua.
  • Li H; School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China; Center for Sustainable Development and Smart Decision, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
  • Liu X; School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
  • Wang S; Institute of Latin American Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, 100007, China. Electronic address: wangsong@cass.org.cn.
  • Wang Z; School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China; Center for Sustainable Development and Smart Decision, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China; Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing,
J Environ Manage ; 315: 115156, 2022 Aug 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1814699
ABSTRACT
We are not on track to meet the SDGs by 2030 despite considerable efforts. Sino-US trade war and the COVID-19 pandemic raise the tide of trade protection that may also go against SDGs. To explore how international trade affects SDGs, this study quantifies the impacts of international trade on global energy and water inequality by constructing resource-Gini-coefficients in terms of reserve, production, and consumption. We find that international trade alleviates global inequality in energy use, in which direct energy trade reduces the inequality significantly while nonenergy commodity trade aggravates it slightly. However, international trade has a pretty minor impact on improving global water inequality. The developing economies suffer a large amount of embodied energy and water outflows. For example, BRICS exported 712.3 Mtoe of embodied energy and 130.5 billion m3 of virtual water to the rest of the world, exceeding the sum of energy/water use in Germany and France. The developed economies, especially the USA and EU, outsource energy- and water-intensive commodities to reduce domestic energy shortage and water stress, roughly corresponding to India's energy use and two times of water use of South Africa.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Commerce / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: Asia / Europa Language: English Journal: J Environ Manage Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.jenvman.2022.115156

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Commerce / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: Asia / Europa Language: English Journal: J Environ Manage Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.jenvman.2022.115156