Antibody Course and Memory B-Cell Response in the First Year After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection.
J Infect Dis
; 226(4): 664-672, 2022 09 04.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1816119
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
The possibility of repeat infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) raises questions regarding quality and longevity of the virus-induced immune response.METHODS:
The antibody course and memory B-cell (MBC) response against SARS-CoV-2 proteins, influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP), and tetanus toxin were examined in adults with mild to moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection in the first year after infection.RESULTS:
The concentration of SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific antibodies was low compared with the concentration of influenza virus NP-specific antibodies. The SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibody half-life increased from 95 days in the first 6 months to 781 days after 9-12 months. The SARS-CoV-2 NP antibody half-life increased from 88 to 248 days. Two thirds of the subjects had SARS-CoV-2-specific MBC responses 12 months after infection. The SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels correlated with the MBC frequency at 12 months.CONCLUSIONS:
The low concentration of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies indicates that re-exposure to the virus or vaccination are required to use the B-cell immunity to full capacity. The existence of a robust SARS-CoV-2 MBC response at 12 months in most subjects and the substantially increasing antibody half-life provide evidence that the immune response is developing into long-term immunity. The early antibody reaction and the ensuing MBC response are interdependent.Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
COVID-19
Type of study:
Prognostic study
Topics:
Vaccines
Limits:
Adult
/
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
J Infect Dis
Year:
2022
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Infdis
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