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Association of masking policies with mask adherence and distancing during the SARS-COV-2 pandemic.
Puttock, Eric J; Marquez, Jose; Young, Deborah R; Shirley, Abraelle M; Han, Bing; McKenzie, Thomas L; Smith, Nicole J; Manuel, Kathleen; Hoelscher, Deanna; Spear, Suzanne; Ruiz, Monica; Smith, Charlotte; Krytus, Kimberly; Martinez, Iveris; So, Hosung; Levy, Marian; Nolan, Vikki; Bagley, Erika; Mehmood, Amber; Thomas, Joy Goens; Apedaile, Lily; Ison, Shelby; Barr-Anderson, Daheia J; Heller, John G; Cohen, Deborah A.
  • Puttock EJ; Kaiser Permanente, Southern California, Research and Evaluation, Pasadena, CA, USA.
  • Marquez J; California State University, Long Beach, CA USA.
  • Young DR; Kaiser Permanente, Southern California, Research and Evaluation, Pasadena, CA, USA.
  • Shirley AM; Kaiser Permanente, Southern California, Research and Evaluation, Pasadena, CA, USA.
  • Han B; Kaiser Permanente, Southern California, Research and Evaluation, Pasadena, CA, USA.
  • McKenzie TL; San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
  • Smith NJ; Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fresno, CA, USA.
  • Manuel K; Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living at The University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), School of Public Health in Austin, Houston, TX, USA.
  • Hoelscher D; Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living at The University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), School of Public Health in Austin, Houston, TX, USA.
  • Spear S; Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA.
  • Ruiz M; Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
  • Smith C; Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley.
  • Krytus K; University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
  • Martinez I; Center for Successful Aging, College of Health and Human Services, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA.
  • So H; Department of Kinesiology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA, USA.
  • Levy M; The University of Memphis, School of Public Health, Memphis, TN, USA.
  • Nolan V; The University of Memphis, School of Public Health, Memphis, TN, USA.
  • Bagley E; Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA, USA.
  • Mehmood A; Lead Global Disaster Management, Humanitarian Relief and Homeland Security Concentration, University of South Florida College of Public Health, Tampa, FL, USA.
  • Thomas JG; Department of Public Health, College of Health Professions, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
  • Apedaile L; University of Montana Health & Medicine, Missoula, MT, USA.
  • Ison S; University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL, USA.
  • Barr-Anderson DJ; School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
  • Heller JG; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Norman, OK, USA.
  • Cohen DA; Kaiser Permanente, Southern California, Research and Evaluation, Pasadena, CA, USA. Electronic address: Deborah.a.cohen@kp.org.
Am J Infect Control ; 50(9): 969-974, 2022 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1821102
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Quantification of the impact of local masking policies may help guide future policy interventions to reduce SARS-COV-2 disease transmission. This study's objective was to identify factors associated with adherence to masking and social distancing guidelines.

METHODS:

Faculty from 16 U.S. colleges and universities trained 231 students in systematic direct observation. They assessed correct mask use and distancing in public settings in 126 US cities from September 2020 through August 2021.

RESULTS:

Of 109,999 individuals observed in 126 US cities, 48% wore masks correctly with highest adherence among females, teens and seniors and lowest among non-Hispanic whites, those in vigorous physical activity, and in larger groups (P < .0001). Having a local mask mandate increased the odds of wearing a mask by nearly 3-fold (OR = 2.99, P = .0003) compared to no recommendation. People observed in non-commercial areas were least likely to wear masks. Correct mask use was greatest in December 2020 and remained high until June 2021 (P < .0001). Masking policy requirements were not associated with distancing.

DISCUSSION:

The strong association between mask mandates and correct mask use suggests that public policy has a powerful influence on individual behavior.

CONCLUSIONS:

Mask mandates should be considered in future pandemics to increase adherence.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Pandemics / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Qualitative research / Randomized controlled trials / Systematic review/Meta Analysis Limits: Adolescent / Female / Humans Language: English Journal: Am J Infect Control Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.ajic.2022.04.010

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Pandemics / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Qualitative research / Randomized controlled trials / Systematic review/Meta Analysis Limits: Adolescent / Female / Humans Language: English Journal: Am J Infect Control Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.ajic.2022.04.010