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Recent Zoonotic Spillover and Tropism Shift of a Canine Coronavirus Is Associated with Relaxed Selection and Putative Loss of Function in NTD Subdomain of Spike Protein.
Zehr, Jordan D; Pond, Sergei L Kosakovsky; Martin, Darren P; Ceres, Kristina; Whittaker, Gary R; Millet, Jean K; Goodman, Laura B; Stanhope, Michael J.
  • Zehr JD; Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
  • Pond SLK; Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
  • Martin DP; Computational Biology Division, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7549, South Africa.
  • Ceres K; Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
  • Whittaker GR; Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
  • Millet JK; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
  • Goodman LB; Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, UVSQ, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
  • Stanhope MJ; Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Viruses ; 14(5)2022 04 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1822442
ABSTRACT
A canine coronavirus (CCoV) has now been reported from two independent human samples from Malaysia (respiratory, collected in 2017-2018; CCoV-HuPn-2018) and Haiti (urine, collected in 2017); these two viruses were nearly genetically identical. In an effort to identify any novel adaptations associated with this apparent shift in tropism we carried out detailed evolutionary analyses of the spike gene of this virus in the context of related Alphacoronavirus 1 species. The spike 0-domain retains homology to CCoV2b (enteric infections) and Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGEV; enteric and respiratory). This domain is subject to relaxed selection pressure and an increased rate of molecular evolution. It contains unique amino acid substitutions, including within a region important for sialic acid binding and pathogenesis in TGEV. Overall, the spike gene is extensively recombinant, with a feline coronavirus type II strain serving a prominent role in the recombinant history of the virus. Molecular divergence time for a segment of the gene where temporal signal could be determined, was estimated at around 60 years ago. We hypothesize that the virus had an enteric origin, but that it may be losing that particular tropism, possibly because of mutations in the sialic acid binding region of the spike 0-domain.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Coronavirus, Canine Type of study: Prognostic study Limits: Animals Language: English Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: V14050853

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Coronavirus, Canine Type of study: Prognostic study Limits: Animals Language: English Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: V14050853