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Psychiatric manifestations and associated risk factors among hospitalised patients with COVID-19 in Edo State, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study.
Okogbenin, Esther Osemudiamen; Seb-Akahomen, Omonefe Joy; Edeawe, Osahogie; Ehimigbai, Mary; Eboreime, Helen; Odike, Angela; Obagaye, Michael Olukunle; Aweh, Benjamin Efi; Erohubie, Paul; Eriyo, Williams; Inogbo, Chinwe; Akhideno, Peter; Eifediyi, Gloria; Eifediyi, Reuben; Asogun, Danny A; Okogbenin, Sylvanus.
  • Okogbenin EO; Department of Mental Health, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria eokogbenin@gmail.com.
  • Seb-Akahomen OJ; Department of Mental Health, Ambrose Alli University College of Medicine, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria.
  • Edeawe O; Department of Mental Health, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria.
  • Ehimigbai M; Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria.
  • Eboreime H; Department of Mental Health, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.
  • Odike A; Department of Mental Health, Edo University Iyamho, Iyamho, Edo State, Nigeria.
  • Obagaye MO; Department of Child Health, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria.
  • Aweh BE; Department of Child Health, Ambrose Alli University College of Medicine, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria.
  • Erohubie P; Department of Mental Health, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria.
  • Eriyo W; Department of Mental Health, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria.
  • Inogbo C; Department of Mental Health, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria.
  • Akhideno P; Department of Mental Health, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria.
  • Eifediyi G; Department of Mental Health, Ambrose Alli University College of Medicine, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria.
  • Eifediyi R; Department of Clinical Services, Federal Neuro Psychiatric Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.
  • Asogun DA; Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria.
  • Okogbenin S; Department of Internal Medicine, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria.
BMJ Open ; 12(5): e058561, 2022 05 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1832461
ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:

To estimate the prevalence of depression and anxiety and identify associated risk factors in hospitalised persons with confirmed COVID-19 in Edo, Nigeria.

DESIGN:

A multicentre cross-sectional survey.

SETTING:

Patients with COVID-19 hospitalised at the three government-designated treatment and isolation centres in Edo State, Nigeria.

PARTICIPANTS:

The study was conducted from 15 April to 11 November 2020 among 489 patients with confirmed COVID-19 and in treatment and isolation centres in Edo State, Nigeria. The mean age of participants was 43.39 (SD=16.94) years. Male participants were 252 (51.5%) and female were 237 (48.5%). MAIN OUTCOME

MEASURES:

The nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire for depression, (total score 0-27, depression ≥10), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 for anxiety (total score 0-21, anxiety ≥10), and social demographic and clinical characteristics for associated risk factors.

RESULTS:

Of the 489 participants, 49.1% and 38.0% had depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. The prevalence rates of depression, anxiety and combination of both were 16.2%, 12.9% and 9.0%, respectively. Moderate-severe symptoms of COVID-19, ≥14 days in isolation, worrying about the outcome of infection and stigma increased the risk of having depression and anxiety. Additionally, being separated/divorced increased the risk of having depression and having comorbidity increased the risk of having anxiety.

CONCLUSION:

A substantial proportion of our participants experienced depression, anxiety and a combination of both especially in those who had the risk factors we identified. The findings underscore the need to address modifiable risk factors for psychiatric manifestations early in the course of the disease and integrate mental health interventions and psychosocial support into COVID-19 management guidelines.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Qualitative research / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Adult / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: Africa Language: English Journal: BMJ Open Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Bmjopen-2021-058561

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Qualitative research / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Adult / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: Africa Language: English Journal: BMJ Open Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Bmjopen-2021-058561