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Association of Online Search Trends With Vaccination in the United States: June 2020 Through May 2021.
Berning, Philipp; Huang, Leu; Razavi, Alexander C; Boakye, Ellen; Osuji, Ngozi; Stokes, Andrew C; Martin, Seth S; Ayers, John W; Blaha, Michael J; Dzaye, Omar.
  • Berning P; Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
  • Huang L; Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
  • Razavi AC; Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
  • Boakye E; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Charité, Berlin, Germany.
  • Osuji N; Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
  • Stokes AC; Emory Center for Heart Disease Prevention, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.
  • Martin SS; Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
  • Ayers JW; Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
  • Blaha MJ; Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
  • Dzaye O; Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Front Immunol ; 13: 884211, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1834411
ABSTRACT
Stagnating COVID-19 vaccination rates and vaccine hesitancy remain a threat to public health. Improved strategies for real-time tracking and estimation of population-level behavior regarding vaccinations are needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether online search trends for COIVD-19 and influenza mirror vaccination rates. State-level weekly fraction of online searches for top vaccination-related search terms and CDC vaccination data were obtained from June 1, 2020, to May 31, 2021. Next, trends in online search and vaccination data for COVID-19 and influenza were analyzed for visual and quantitative correlation patterns using Spearman's rank correlation analysis. Online searches in the US for COVID-19 vaccinations increased 2.71-fold (95% CI 1.98-3.45) in the 4 weeks after the FDA emergency authorization compared to the precedent 4 weeks. In March-April 2021, US online searches reached a plateau that was followed by a decline of 83.3% (95% CI 31.2%-135.3%) until May 31, 2021. The timing of peaks in online searches varied across US states. Online searches were strongly correlated with vaccination rates (r=0.71, 95% CI 0.45 - 0.87), preceding actual reported vaccination rates in 44 of 51 states. Online search trends preceded vaccination trends by a median of 3.0 weeks (95% CI 2.0-4.0 weeks) across all states. For influenza vaccination searches, seasonal peaks in September-October between 2016-2020 were noted. Influenza search trends highly correlated with the timing of actual vaccinations for the 2019-2020 (r=0.82, 95% CI 0.64 - 0.93) and 2020-2021 season (r=0.91, 95% CI 0.78 - 0.97). Search trends and real-world vaccination rates are highly correlated. Temporal alignment and correlation levels were higher for influenza vaccinations; however, only online searches for COVID-19 vaccination preceded vaccination trends. These findings indicate that US online search data can potentially guide public health efforts, including policy changes and identifying geographical areas to expand vaccination campaigns.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Influenza Vaccines / Influenza, Human / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study Topics: Vaccines Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: North America Language: English Journal: Front Immunol Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Fimmu.2022.884211

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Influenza Vaccines / Influenza, Human / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study Topics: Vaccines Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: North America Language: English Journal: Front Immunol Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Fimmu.2022.884211