Status of Pesticide Usage on Golf Courses in Korea and Optimal Pesticide Usage Plan
Sustainability
; 14(9):5489, 2022.
Article
in English
| ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-1842822
ABSTRACT
Risks to human health and the environment owing to pesticide usage have arisen interest, increasing the demand for reducing pesticide consumption used on golf courses. However, standard guidelines or manuals for reducing pesticide usage on golf courses in Korea are lacking. Herein, the trends of pesticides on golf courses were investigated, and the optimal pesticide usage plan was proposed for continuous pesticide reduction. In 2019, there were 539 golf courses in Korea. With the increasing number of golf courses in 2010–2019, pesticide usage increased continuously. Fungicides accounted for more than half the pesticides used, followed by insecticides and herbicides. Except for golf courses that do not employ chemical pesticides, pesticide usage per unit area varied in the range of 0.02–65.81 kg ha−1 (average of 6.97 kg ha−1). In the US, best management practices and integrated pest management (IPM) have been stipulated and are operational in each state for pesticide management in golf courses, recognizing chemical pesticide usage to be the last approach for pest control and turf health maintenance. Considering that Korea globally ranks 10th in the number of golf facilities and courses, the establishment of IPM practices suitable for domestic conditions is essential.
Environmental Studies; best management practice; integrated pest management; pyramid tactic; resilience adaptive cycle; threshold; Pesticides; Golf courses; Fungicides; Herbicides; Insecticides; Agricultural practices; Turfgrasses; Taxation; Pest control; Chemical pest control; Turf; COVID-19; Certification; Water quality; Best management practices; Pests; Trees; Information systems; Sports facilities; Health risks; United States--US; Japan
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Collection:
Databases of international organizations
Database:
ProQuest Central
Language:
English
Journal:
Sustainability
Year:
2022
Document Type:
Article
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