MAIT Cells in Respiratory Viral Infections in Mouse and Human.
Crit Rev Immunol
; 41(5): 19-35, 2021.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1847005
ABSTRACT
Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells were first identified as specific for bacterial, mycobacterial, and fungal organisms, which detect microbially-derived biosynthetic ligands presented by MHC-related protein 1 (MR1). More recently two unexpected, additional roles have been identified for these ancient and abundant cells a TCR-depen-dent role in tissue repair and a TCR-independent role in antiviral host defence. Data from several classes of viral disease shows their capability for activation by the cytokines interleukin (IL)-12, IL-15, IL-18, and type I interferon. MAIT cells are abundant at mucosal surfaces, particularly in the lung, and it seems likely a primary reason for their striking evolutionary conservation is an important role in early innate defence against respiratory infections, including both bacteria and viruses. Here we review evidence for their TCR-independent activation, observational human data for their activation in influenza A virus, and in vivo murine evidence of their protection against severe influenza A infection, mediated at least partially via IFN-gamma. We then survey evidence emerging from other respiratory viral infections including recent evidence for an important adjuvant role in adenovirus infection, specifically chimpanzee adenoviruses used in recent coronavirus vaccines, and data for strong associations between MAIT cell responses and adverse outcomes from coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) disease. We speculate on potential translational implications of these findings, either using corticosteroids or inhibitory ligands to suppress deleterious MAIT cell responses, or the potential utility of stimulatory MR1 ligands to boost MAIT cell frequencies to enhance innate viral defences.
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Viruses
/
Virus Diseases
/
Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells
/
COVID-19
Type of study:
Observational study
/
Prognostic study
Topics:
Vaccines
Limits:
Animals
/
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
Crit Rev Immunol
Journal subject:
Allergy and Immunology
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
CritRevImmunol.2021040877
Similar
MEDLINE
...
LILACS
LIS