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Measuring Basic Reproduction Number to Assess Effects of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions on Nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 Transmission.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 28(7): 1345-1354, 2022 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1847125
ABSTRACT
Outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 infection frequently occur in hospitals. Preventing nosocomial infection requires insight into hospital transmission. However, estimates of the basic reproduction number (R0) in care facilities are lacking. Analyzing a closely monitored SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a hospital in early 2020, we estimated the patient-to-patient transmission rate and R0. We developed a model for SARS-CoV-2 nosocomial transmission that accounts for stochastic effects and undetected infections and fit it to patient test results. The model formalizes changes in testing capacity over time, and accounts for evolving PCR sensitivity at different stages of infection. R0 estimates varied considerably across wards, ranging from 3 to 15 in different wards. During the outbreak, the hospital introduced a contact precautions policy. Our results strongly support a reduction in the hospital-level R0 after this policy was implemented, from 8.7 to 1.3, corresponding to a policy efficacy of 85% and demonstrating the effectiveness of nonpharmaceutical interventions.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Cross Infection / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Emerg Infect Dis Journal subject: Communicable Diseases Year: 2022 Document Type: Article

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Cross Infection / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Emerg Infect Dis Journal subject: Communicable Diseases Year: 2022 Document Type: Article