Clinical Manifestations of COVID-19 Patients with Comorbid and Non-comorbid at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a global health emergency. Reports of thousands of cases with morbidity and mortality continue to increase every day. The clinical course of patients with comorbidities influences the prognosis and progression of the COVID-19 disease. Hypertension is the most common comorbidity of COVID-19 patients with long hospitalizations. AIM: This study aimed to determine the clinical differences between COVID-19 patients comorbid and non-comorbid. METHODS: The study was conducted retrospectively through samples of medical records of inpatients for the period June 1, 2021–August 31, 2021. The samples were divided into comorbid and non-comorbid groups;each totaling 130 medical records. The sample of the comorbid group was selected by simple random;while the non-comorbid group with the matching process. Data were analyzed using t-test and Wilcoxon. RESULTS: The most common comorbid is hypertension with clinical manifestations of cough, fever, headache, runny nose, painful swallowing, anosmia, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The average length of stay for patients with comorbidities was 21 days and without comorbidities 14 days. The test results showed that there were clinical differences between patients with comorbid and non-comorbid patients with p = 0.0000 (p > 0.05) and there was a difference in length of stay with p = 0.001 (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The clinical difference between COVID-19 patients comorbid and non-comorbid lies in the symptoms of headache with a longer duration of treatment, which is 22 days. More intensive treatment and care is needed for COVID-19 patients with comorbid hypertension.