The unequal impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the physical activity habits of Canadians.

ABSTRACT

Background: Canadian and international research has shown that the COVID-19 pandemic has led to changes in health behaviours, including physical activity. Methods: The Canadian Community Health Survey asked Canadian youth (12 to 17 years) and adults (18 years and older) to report the amount of time they spent in the past seven days engaged in physical activity across the following domains recreation, transportation, household or occupation, and school (youth only). The present analysis compares the physical activity from two cross-sectional samples collected during the fall of 2018 (n=13,482) and the fall of 2020 (n=27,234). Results: Youth reported accumulating, on average, two hours less physical activity per week in the fall of 2020 compared with the fall of 2018 (-129 minutes per week). The percentage of youth meeting the Canadian physical activity recommendation for children and youth dropped from 50.8% in the fall of 2018 to 37.2% in the fall of 2020. Physical activity decreased more among youth living in urban (-135 minutes per week) compared with rural (-86 minutes per week) areas. Physical activity decreased more among youth from Ontario (-168 minutes per week), Quebec (-121 minutes per week) and the Prairies (-106 minutes per week) compared with youth from the Atlantic provinces (-38 minutes per week) and British Columbia (-75 minutes per week). There was no change in the percentage of adults aged 18 and older meeting the Canadian physical activity recommendation between the fall of 2018 (52.7%) and the fall of 2020 (53.3%). Weekly physical activity was stable between fall 2018 and fall 2020 among 18 to 49 year olds, while significant increases were observed among adults aged 50 to 64 years (+41 minutes per week), 65 to 79 years (+55 minutes per week) and 80+ years (+20 minutes per week). Increases in physical activity among adults were statistically significant only among non-immigrant, non-Indigenous, those not designated as a visible minority, those living in urban areas and those with a postsecondary degree. Interpretation: The COVID-19 pandemic had a detrimental impact on the physical activity of youth but not adults. The findings of this study add to a growing body of evidence that shows the considerable impact the pandemic has had on many aspects of Canadian life, including physical activity.