Clinical characteristics and comorbidities in second wave of COVID-19 patients -An experience from tertiary care centre in India

ABSTRACT

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that emerged in Wuhan and has quickly spread worldwide. The mortality rate in critically ill patients with COVID-19 is high. This study analyzed clinical comorbidities in different groups to early identify harsh or critical patients. Objective: To identify different clinical symptoms and comorbidities in CIVID 19 patients. Methods: In this single-center, cross-sectional study, 142 COVID-19 patients were enrolled. Clinical characteristics and comorbidities were assessed. Results: Of the 142 patients, 92(64.8%) were male, with a mean age of (56.00±14.81)years. The patients were elderly above 60(n = 62,43.7%) and adults (n = 80). Of these, 92 (64.7%) had comorbidities. Patients with severe COVID pneumonia 102(71.8%)were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), and 12(8.5%) patients have died. On admission, the main clinical manifestations were Fever (90.1%), dyspnea (83.8%), cough (78.2%), Anosmia (19%),alteration of taste (13.4%), haemoptysis (10.6%),headache (5.6%) and conjunctivitis (3.5%). Common comorbidities were diabetes mellitus(42.3%),hypertension (27.5%),Obesity (10.6%),heart failure (6.3%),COPD (3.5%),Asthma (2.5%),coronary artery disease (2.1%), ILD (2.1%),Post tubercular (1.4%),and CKD,CLD less than one perent.19% patients had history of contact COVID 19 cases. Smoking was present in 8.5% of cases. One comorbidity has been seen in 46, two in 28, and more than two in 5 patients. Patients were divided into four groups no comorbidities, one comorbidity, two comorbidities, and more than two comorbidities. ANOVA test was used and showed that the value of serum creatinine (p=.017), serum bilirubin (p=.006), and serum SGOT (P=.009) were significantly associated. Conclusion: Severe COVID 19 disease had the worst outcome. In addition, serum creatinine and serum bilirubin values differed significantly in different comorbidities groups.