Patterns of presentation, prevalence and associated factors of mortality in ICU among adult patients during the pandemic of COVID 19: A retrospective cross-sectional study.

ABSTRACT

Background: There is concern that patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) have variable prevalence reports of mortality. The survival rates are also inconsistently reported due to varying follow-up periods. Even if data on outcomes and baseline characteristics of ICU patients with COVID-19 is essential for action planning to manage complications, it is still left undisclosed in our study setting. Materials and method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 402 samples using a retrospective chart review of patient's data who were admitted in the past 2 years of the adult ICUs. All the data were entered and analyzed with SPSS version 21. A multivariable Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the association between outcome variables with independent factors and a p-value of less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant with a 95% confidence interval. We used text, tables, and figures for the result. Result: The overall prevalence of mortality among adult patients admitted to ICU during COVID-19 pandemics was 67.4%. From the multivariable logistic regression analysis, factors that were shown to have an association with an increase in ICU patient mortality were; lack of Vasopressor support, patients who had confirmed COVID 19 infection, core body temperature at admission greater than 37.5 °c, SPO2 at admission less than 90%, patients who had diagnosed ischemic heart disease (IHD), patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), patients who were intubated and mechanically ventilated (MV), and patient's ICU length of stay longer than two weeks. Conclusion: The prevalence of ICU mortality in adult patients was higher in Debre Tabor Comprehensive specialized hospital. Therefore, clinicians need to minimize factors that maximize patient mortalities like ARDS, hyperthermia, Desaturation, Covid infection, IHD, intubation and MV, lack of Vasopressor use, and prolonged ICU stay.