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The long-term effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis.
Marra, Alexandre R; Kobayashi, Takaaki; Suzuki, Hiroyuki; Alsuhaibani, Mohammed; Schweizer, Marin L; Diekema, Daniel J; Tofaneto, Bruna Marques; Bariani, Luigi Makowski; Auler, Mariana de Amorim; Salinas, Jorge L; Edmond, Michael B; Pinho, João Renato Rebello; Rizzo, Luiz Vicente.
  • Marra AR; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.
  • Kobayashi T; Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.
  • Suzuki H; Center for Access & Delivery Research & Evaluation (CADRE), Iowa City Veterans' Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.
  • Alsuhaibani M; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.
  • Schweizer ML; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.
  • Diekema DJ; Center for Access & Delivery Research & Evaluation (CADRE), Iowa City Veterans' Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.
  • Tofaneto BM; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.
  • Bariani LM; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
  • Auler MA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.
  • Salinas JL; Center for Access & Delivery Research & Evaluation (CADRE), Iowa City Veterans' Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.
  • Edmond MB; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.
  • Pinho JRR; Albert Einstein Medical College, São Paulo, Brazil.
  • Rizzo LV; Albert Einstein Medical College, São Paulo, Brazil.
Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol ; 2(1): e22, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1860197
ABSTRACT

Background:

Although multiple studies revealed high vaccine effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines within 3 months after the completion of vaccines, long-term vaccine effectiveness has not been well established, especially after the δ (delta) variant became prominent. We performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of long-term vaccine effectiveness.

Methods:

We searched PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and Web of Science from December 2019 to November 15, 2021, for studies evaluating the long-term vaccine effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 or COVID-19 hospitalization among individuals who received 2 doses of Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna, or AstraZeneca vaccines, or 1 dose of the Janssen vaccine. Long-term was defined as >5 months after the last dose. We calculated the pooled diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) with 95% confidence interval for COVID-19 between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated as 100% × (1 - DOR).

Results:

In total, 16 studies including 17,939,172 individuals evaluated long-term vaccine effectiveness and were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled DOR for COVID-19 was 0.158 (95% CI 0.157-0.160) with an estimated vaccine effectiveness of 84.2% (95% CI, 84.0- 84.3%). Estimated vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 hospitalization was 88.7% (95% CI, 55.8%-97.1%). Vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 during the δ variant period was 61.2% (95% CI, 59.0%-63.3%).

Conclusions:

COVID-19 vaccines are effective in preventing COVID-19 and COVID-19 hospitalization across a long-term period for the circulating variants during the study period. More observational studies are needed to evaluate the vaccine effectiveness of third dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, the vaccine effectiveness of mixing COVID-19 vaccines, COVID-19 breakthrough infection, and vaccine effectiveness against newly emerging variants.

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Reviews / Systematic review/Meta Analysis Topics: Long Covid / Vaccines / Variants Language: English Journal: Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Ash.2021.261

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Reviews / Systematic review/Meta Analysis Topics: Long Covid / Vaccines / Variants Language: English Journal: Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Ash.2021.261