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Examining Anxiety, Sleep Quality, and Physical Activity as Predictors of Depression among University Students from Saudi Arabia during the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Alshammari, Tahani K; Alkhodair, Aljawharah M; Alhebshi, Hanan A; Rogowska, Aleksandra M; Albaker, Awatif B; Al-Damri, Nouf T; Bin Dayel, Anfal F; Alonazi, Asma S; Alrasheed, Nouf M; Alshammari, Musaad A.
  • Alshammari TK; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
  • Alkhodair AM; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
  • Alhebshi HA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
  • Rogowska AM; Institute of Psychology, University of Opole, 45-040 Opole, Poland.
  • Albaker AB; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
  • Al-Damri NT; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
  • Bin Dayel AF; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
  • Alonazi AS; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
  • Alrasheed NM; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
  • Alshammari MA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health ; 19(10)2022 05 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1862801
ABSTRACT
Conducted during the second wave of the pandemic, this cross-sectional study examined the link between sleep quality, physical activity, exposure, and the impact of COVID-19 as predictors of mental health in Saudi undergraduate students. A convenience sample of 207 participants were recruited, 89% of whom were females and 94% were single. The measures included questionnaires on the level of exposure and the perceived impact of COVID-19, a physical activity measure, GAD-7, PHQ-9, and PSQI. The results indicated that approximately 43% of participants exhibited moderate anxiety, and 50% were at risk of depression. Overall, 63.93% of students exposed to strict quarantine for at least 14 days (n = 39) exhibited a high risk of developing depression (χ2(1) = 6.49, p < 0.05, ϕ = 0.18). A higher risk of depression was also found in students whose loved ones lost their jobs (χ2(1) = 4.24, p < 0.05, ϕ = 0.14). Moreover, there was also a strong association between depression and anxiety (ß = 0.33, p < 0.01), sleep quality (ß = 0.32, p < 0.01), and the perceived negative impact of COVID-19 on socio-economic status (ß = 0.26, p < 0.05), explaining 66.67% of depression variance. Our study highlights the socio-economic impact of this pandemic and the overwhelming prevalence of depression.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Qualitative research / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Ijerph19106262

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Qualitative research / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Ijerph19106262