The Bad Bug is Back: Acinetobacter Baumannii Bacteremia Outbreak during the COVID-19 Pandemic in an Intensive Care Unit.
Niger J Clin Pract
; 25(5): 702-709, 2022 May.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1863109
ABSTRACT
Background:
Epidemiology of nosocomial infections may show variability because of under-estimation of infection control measures (ICMs) in coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) outbreak.Aim:
To investigate the Acinetobacter bacteremia outbreak developed in an intensive care unit (ICU) between March 20 to May 15, 2020, examine the risk factors, and re-evaluate ICM retrospectively. Material andMethods:
A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted to determine the risk factors, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed for analysis of the outbreak, ICM practices were observed by a team, and infection control interventions were undertaken.Results:
Acinetobacter bacteremia developed in 17 patients (21.5%) within 79 COVID-19 patients included in the study. The mean age of the bacteremic patients was 67.3 (SD = 14.82) years, and 82.4% of them were male; of these, 15 died, leading to 88.2% mortality. The bacteremia rate was higher compared with a 14-month period preceding the COVID-19 pandemic (17/79 versus 12/580 patients, respectively). PFGE revealed that the outbreak was polyclonal. On multi-variate analysis, the bacteremia development rate was 13.7 and 5.06 times higher with central venous catheter (CVC) use and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), respectively. The mortality rate was higher in bacteremic patients (p = 0.0016). It was observed that ICMs were not followed completely, especially change of gloves and hand hygiene. Contamination of A. baumannii was observed in 38% of the gloves.Conclusion:
COPD and CVC use were determined as risk factors for Acinetobacter bacteremia development, and failures in ICM may have led to cross-contamination of endemic A. baumannii. The outbreak could be controlled within 3 weeks of interventions.Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Acinetobacter Infections
/
Cross Infection
/
Bacteremia
/
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
/
Acinetobacter baumannii
/
COVID-19
Type of study:
Cohort study
/
Experimental Studies
/
Observational study
/
Prognostic study
/
Randomized controlled trials
Limits:
Aged
/
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
Language:
English
Journal:
Niger J Clin Pract
Journal subject:
Medicine
Year:
2022
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Njcp.njcp_2001_21
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