Diosmin and hesperidin - the current state of knowledge
Postepy Fitoterapii
; 3:196-207, 2021.
Article
in Polish
| CAB Abstracts | ID: covidwho-1865716
ABSTRACT
Diosmin is the 7-rutinoside of 3 ', 5,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone (7-O-rutinoside of diosmetin), and hespheridine is the 7-rutinoside of 3', 5,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavanone (7 -O-rutinoside hesperetin). Diosmin, is a gray-yellow or pale-yellow, hygroscopic powder, whereas hesperidine is in the form of light-yellow spherocrystals. Diosmin was isolated from fruits of the Citrus genus (C. sinensis, C. limonia), now it is obtained semi-synthetically from natural hesperidin. These flavonoids have, among others antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, analgesic, antioxidant and possibly anti-virus activity, that cause COVID-19. The metabolism of diosmin takes place initially in the small intestine and involves demethoxylation and hydrolysis. In contrast, oxidation and conjugation take place in the liver. There is no presence of diosmin and diosmetin in the urine, which are mainly eliminated in the form of glucuronic acid conjugates. The dominant metabolite detected in urine samples is m-hydroxy-phenylpropionic acid, excreted in conjugated form. Diosmin may reduce the aggregation of Red Blood Cells, and thus it is able to reduce blood viscosity. The LD50 of the mixture of 90% diosmin and 10% hesperidin for rats is over 3 g/kg. The tests did not reveal any mutagenic effects or effects on reproductive functions. It also does not pose a significant threat during breast feeding, as it poorly passes into breast milk.
Non-food/Non-feed Plant Products [SS200]; Animal and in vitro Models for Pharmaceuticals [VV450]; Non-wood Forest Products [KK540]; Horticultural Crops [FF003]; Plant Composition [FF040]; antioxidant properties; hesperidin; plant extracts; oranges; flavonoids; erythrocytes; viscosity; reproduction; medicinal plants; breast feeding; human milk; antibacterial properties; antifungal properties; antiinflammatory properties; hypoglycaemic properties; anticancer properties; analgesic properties; antiviral properties; oxidation; liver; urine; glucuronic acid; non-wood forest products; plant composition; chemical composition; infants; Citrus sinensis; Citrus limonia; rats; Citrus; plants; man; Rutaceae; Sapindales; eudicots; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; eukaryotes; Muridae; rodents; mammals; vertebrates; Chordata; animals; Homo; Hominidae; primates; anti-oxidant properties; radical scavenging properties; blood red cells; red blood cells; drug plants; medicinal herbs; officinal plants; breastfeeding; breast milk; bactericidal properties; anti-fungal properties; fungicidal properties; anti-inflammatory properties; anti-diabetic properties; anti-hyperglycaemic properties; antidiabetic properties; antihyperglycaemic properties; hypoglycemic properties; anti-cancer properties; antinociceptive properties; anti-viral properties; minor forest products; non-timber forest products; chemical constituents of plants
Full text:
Available
Collection:
Databases of international organizations
Database:
CAB Abstracts
Language:
Polish
Journal:
Postepy Fitoterapii
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
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