Temporal changes in T cell subsets and expansion of cytotoxic CD4+ T cells in the lungs in severe COVID-19.
Clin Immunol
; 237: 108991, 2022 04.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1866980
ABSTRACT
Many studies have been performed in severe COVID-19 on immune cells in the circulation and on cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. Most studies have tended to provide relative information rather than a quantitative view, and it is a combination of approaches by various groups that is helping the field build a picture of the mechanisms that drive severe lung disease. Approaches employed to date have not revealed information on lung parenchymal T cell subsets in severe COVID-19. Therefore, we sought to examine early and late T cell subset alterations in the lungs and draining lymph nodes in severe COVID-19 using a rapid autopsy protocol and quantitative imaging approaches. Here, we have established that cytotoxic CD4+ T cells (CD4 + CTLs) increase in the lungs, draining lymph nodes and blood as COVID-19 progresses. CD4 + CTLs are prominently expanded in the lung parenchyma in severe COVID-19. In contrast CD8+ T cells are not prominent, exhibit increased PD-1 expression, and no obvious increase is seen in the number of Granzyme B+ CD8+ T cells in the lung parenchyma in severe COVID-19. Based on quantitative evidence for re-activation in the lung milieu, CD4 + CTLs may be as likely to drive viral clearance as CD8+ T cells and may also be contributors to lung inflammation and eventually to fibrosis in severe COVID-19.
Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
/
COVID-19
Type of study:
Experimental Studies
/
Randomized controlled trials
Limits:
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
Clin Immunol
Journal subject:
Allergy and Immunology
Year:
2022
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
J.clim.2022.108991
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