Anti-MDA5 dermatomyositis after COVID-19 vaccination: a case-based review.
Rheumatol Int
; 42(9): 1629-1641, 2022 09.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1877826
ABSTRACT
Anti-MDA5 (Melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5) myositis is a rare subtype of dermatomyositis (DM) characterized by distinct ulcerative, erythematous cutaneous lesions and a high risk of rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD). It has been shown that SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) replicates rapidly in lung and skin epithelial cells, which is sensed by the cytosolic RNA-sensor MDA5. MDA5 then triggers type 1 interferon (IFN) production, and thus downstream inflammatory mediators (EMBO J 40(15)e107826, 2021); (J Virol, 2021, https//doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00862-21 ); (Cell Rep 34(2)108628, 2021); (Sci Rep 11(1)13638, 2021); (Trends Microbiol 27(1)75-85, 2019). It has also been shown that MDA5 is triggered by the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine with resultant activated dendritic cells (Nat Rev Immunol 21(4)195-197, 2021). Our literature review identified one reported case of MDA5-DM from the COVID-19 vaccine (Chest J, 2021, https//doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2021.07.646 ). We present six additional cases of MDA5-DM that developed shortly after the administration of different kinds of COVID-19 vaccines. A review of other similar cases of myositis developing from the COVID-19 vaccine was also done. We aim to explore and discuss the evidence around recent speculations of a possible relation of MDA5-DM to COVID-19 infection and vaccine. The importance of vaccination during a worldwide pandemic should be maintained and our findings are not intended to discourage individuals from receiving the COVID-19 vaccine.
Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Lung Diseases, Interstitial
/
Dermatomyositis
/
COVID-19 Vaccines
/
COVID-19
Type of study:
Observational study
/
Prognostic study
/
Reviews
Topics:
Vaccines
Limits:
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
Rheumatol Int
Year:
2022
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
S00296-022-05149-6
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