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CIRCULATING LEVELS of TYPE I, TYPE II, and TYPE III INTERFERONS and COVID-19 SEVERITY
Topics in Antiviral Medicine ; 30(1 SUPPL):76, 2022.
Article in English | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-1880244
ABSTRACT

Background:

Interferons play a pivotal role as a first line of the innate immune host response to viral infections, including COVID-19. Accumulating data suggests dysregulated interferon (IFN) responses in COVID-19. However, the clinical relevance of circulating levels of interferon to COVID-19 disease severity remains unclear

Methods:

In plasma from individuals with PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection recruited to the All Ireland Infectious Diseases Cohort, collected within 10 days from onset of symptoms, we measured levels of type I (IFN-α2a and IFN-β), type II (IFN-γ), and type III (IFN-a;1) interferons by electro-chemiluminescence immunoassays. Subsequent maximum COVID-19 disease severity was classified according to World Health Organization guidance (Critical, Severe, Moderate and Mild). We used Kruskal-Wallis tests to explore differences in IFN levels between COVID-19 severity groups, and logistic regression to determine associations, adjusting for demographics (age, sex at birth, ethnicity), comorbidities (obesity, hypertension, respiratory disease, heart disease) and medical management (antibiotics, immunosuppressants, anticoagulants, invasive ventilation)

Results:

Out of the 335 subjects with early infection and available samples, 319 had data on disease severity, 33 (10.3%) Critical, 37 (11.6%) Severe, 76 (23.8%) Moderate and 173 (54.2%) Mild. The population was predominantly Caucasian (79.3%), with a median [IQR] age of 64 [53,77] and male (52.7%). There was a significant difference between the 4 groups for the levels of Type I IFN-α2a (p=0.0028) and Type 3 IFN-a;1 (p=0.0001), both being higher in the critical group. In adjusted analyses, higher levels of Type I IFN-α2a but not Type 3 IFN-a;1 remained significantly associated with the development of Critical COVID-19 (Odds Ratio 5.911/95% CI 0.608, 52.388/p=0.029). (Fig 1)

Conclusion:

Increased circulating Type I IFN-α2a, but not other IFN classes, measured in the early stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with higher odds of Critical COVID-19 infection. These data point to specific differences in host responses that may lead to more targeted interventions to prevent development of severe COVID-19 infection.
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Collection: Databases of international organizations Database: EMBASE Type of study: Prognostic study Language: English Journal: Topics in Antiviral Medicine Year: 2022 Document Type: Article

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Collection: Databases of international organizations Database: EMBASE Type of study: Prognostic study Language: English Journal: Topics in Antiviral Medicine Year: 2022 Document Type: Article