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Household Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Alpha Variant-United States, 2021.
Donnelly, Marisa A P; Chuey, Meagan R; Soto, Raymond; Schwartz, Noah G; Chu, Victoria T; Konkle, Stacey L; Sleweon, Sadia; Ruffin, Jasmine; Haberling, Dana L; Guagliardo, Sarah Anne J; Stoddard, Robyn A; Anderson, Raydel D; Morgan, Clint N; Rossetti, Rebecca; McCormick, David W; Magleby, Reed; Sheldon, Sarah W; Dietrich, Elizabeth A; Uehara, Anna; Retchless, Adam C; Tong, Suxiang; Folster, Jennifer M; Drobeniuc, Jan; Petway, Marla E; Austin, Brett; Stous, Sarah; McDonald, Eric; Jain, Seema; Hudziec, Meghan M; Stringer, Ginger; Albanese, Bernadette A; Totten, Sarah E; Staples, J Erin; Killerby, Marie E; Hughes, Laura; Matanock, Almea; Beatty, Mark; Tate, Jacqueline E; Kirking, Hannah L; Hsu, Christopher H.
  • Donnelly MAP; CDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Chuey MR; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Soto R; California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA.
  • Schwartz NG; CDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Chu VT; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Konkle SL; County of San Diego Health and Human Services, San Diego, California, USA.
  • Sleweon S; CDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Ruffin J; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Haberling DL; CDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Guagliardo SAJ; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Stoddard RA; CDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Anderson RD; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Morgan CN; CDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Rossetti R; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • McCormick DW; CDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Magleby R; CDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Sheldon SW; CDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Dietrich EA; CDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Uehara A; CDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Retchless AC; CDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Tong S; CDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Folster JM; CDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Drobeniuc J; CDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Petway ME; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Austin B; CDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Stous S; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • McDonald E; CDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Jain S; CDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Hudziec MM; CDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Stringer G; CDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Albanese BA; CDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Totten SE; CDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Staples JE; County of San Diego Health and Human Services, San Diego, California, USA.
  • Killerby ME; CDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Hughes L; County of San Diego Health and Human Services, San Diego, California, USA.
  • Matanock A; County of San Diego Health and Human Services, San Diego, California, USA.
  • Beatty M; County of San Diego Health and Human Services, San Diego, California, USA.
  • Tate JE; California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA.
  • Kirking HL; Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, Colorado, USA.
  • Hsu CH; Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, Colorado, USA.
Clin Infect Dis ; 75(1): e122-e132, 2022 08 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1883003
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

In Spring 2021, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) B.1.1.7 (Alpha) became the predominant variant in the United States. Research suggests that Alpha has increased transmissibility compared with non-Alpha lineages. We estimated household secondary infection risk (SIR), assessed characteristics associated with transmission, and compared symptoms of persons with Alpha and non-Alpha infections.

METHODS:

We followed households with SARS-CoV-2 infection for 2 weeks in San Diego County and metropolitan Denver, January to April 2021. We collected epidemiologic information and biospecimens for serology, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and whole-genome sequencing. We stratified SIR and symptoms by lineage and identified characteristics associated with transmission using generalized estimating equations.

RESULTS:

We investigated 127 households with 322 household contacts; 72 households (56.7%) had member(s) with secondary infections. SIRs were not significantly higher for Alpha (61.0% [95% confidence interval, 52.4-69.0%]) than non-Alpha (55.6% [44.7-65.9%], P = .49). In households with Alpha, persons who identified as Asian or Hispanic/Latino had significantly higher SIRs than those who identified as White (P = .01 and .03, respectively). Close contact (eg, kissing, hugging) with primary cases was associated with increased transmission for all lineages. Persons with Alpha infection were more likely to report constitutional symptoms than persons with non-Alpha (86.9% vs 76.8%, P = .05).

CONCLUSIONS:

Household SIRs were similar for Alpha and non-Alpha. Comparable SIRs may be due to saturation of transmission risk in households due to extensive close contact, or true lack of difference in transmission rates. Avoiding close contact within households may reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission for all lineages among household members.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Variants Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: North America Language: English Journal: Clin Infect Dis Journal subject: Communicable Diseases Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Cid

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Variants Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: North America Language: English Journal: Clin Infect Dis Journal subject: Communicable Diseases Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Cid