Assessment of bauxite residue as secondary resource for rare earth metal and valorization challenges: A perspective
Resources, Conservation and Recycling Advances
; 14, 2022.
Article
in English
| EMBASE | ID: covidwho-1886052
ABSTRACT
Bauxite residue (BR), simultaneously an environmental challenge as well as known to be a secondary resource for resources various valuable metals like Ti, V, Ga, and rare earth metal (REM). Lack of understanding and technology detects BR to be stockpiled which is counterproductive considering the environment, land scarcity, and management of BR inventories. As BR remains unexploited, significant amounts of REMs in BR remain unlocked, which are critical metals from green energy, environmental sustainability, and supply chain bottleneck perspective. Our current investigation analyses the potential of BR as secondary resources and quantity and worth of REM being remains unlocked. The quantitative content of global bauxite, alumina, and BR production during the last 5 decades have been analyzed. Also, plausible BR generation in the next 3 decades has been estimated. Considering the content of REM in BR amount of REM either stockpiled or to be stockpiled along with BR has been analyzed. Our study indicated about 9.14 million tons of REM remain locked in the stockpiled BR, 31.24 million tons of REM remain locked in the bauxite reserve. The worth of worldwide REM oxide remains unexploited in bauxite reserves and locked in stockpiled BR could be approximately $5000 billion, potentially can meet current and project demand of REM abundantly.
lanthanide; Australia; bauxite residue; Brazil; calculation; China; coronavirus disease 2019; environmental policy; environmental sustainability; growth; Guinea; India; Indonesia; Jamaica; limit of quantitation; Malaysia; nanofabrication; quantitative analysis; Russian Federation; Saudi Arabia; short survey; trend study; United States; valorization; Viet Nam; waste
Full text:
Available
Collection:
Databases of international organizations
Database:
EMBASE
Language:
English
Journal:
Resources, Conservation and Recycling Advances
Year:
2022
Document Type:
Article
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