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Jordan: Background and U.S. Relations (Updated)
Lebanon, Turkey, Saudia Arabia and Jordan: U.S. Relations and Key Issues ; : 367-391, 2021.
Article in English | Scopus | ID: covidwho-1888186
ABSTRACT
The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is a key U.S. partner in the Middle East. Although the United States and Jordan have never been linked by a formal treaty, the two countries have cooperated on a number of regional and international issues over the years. Jordan remains at peace with Israel and is a key interlocutor with the Palestinians. Jordan’s strategic importance to the United States is evident given ongoing instability in neighboring Syria and Iraq. Jordan also is a longtime U.S. partner in global counterterrorism operations. U.S.-Jordanian military, intelligence, and diplomatic cooperation seeks to empower political moderates, reduce sectarian conflict, and eliminate terrorist threats. U.S. officials frequently express their support for Jordan. U.S. support has helped Jordan address serious vulnerabilities, both internal and external. Jordan’s small size and lack of major economic resources have made it dependent on aid from Western and various Arab sources. President Trump has acknowledged Jordan’s role as a key U.S. partner in countering the Islamic State, as many U.S. policymakers advocate for continued robust U.S. assistance to the kingdom. Annual U.S. aid to Jordan has nearly quadrupled in historical terms over the last 15 years. The United States has provided economic and military aid to Jordan since 1951 and 1957, respectively. Total bilateral U.S. aid (overseen by the Departments of State and Defense) to Jordan through FY2018 amounted to approximately $22 billion. Jordan also hosts over 3, 000 U.S. troops. To date, Jordan has withstood the impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) with minimal loss of life (a reported nine deaths), but at a steep cost to its economy. Jordan’s small size and strong public health system arguably contributed to the country’s ability to manage the pandemic effectively. Jordan is one of the first Arab countries to reopen;as of June 2020 the state had lifted most restrictions on economic activity and certain public gatherings, such as religious worship. Analysts anticipate that Jordan’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) will contract in 2020 by 3.5% after growing 2% last year. Losses in government revenue caused by fewer remittances and a weakened market for tourism are expected to widen the budget deficit in the years ahead. As the Trump Administration has enacted changes to longstanding U.S. policies on Israel and the Palestinians, which the Palestinians have criticized as unfairly punitive to them and biased toward Israel, Jordan has found itself in a difficult position. While King Abdullah II seeks to maintain strong relations with the United States, he rules over a country where the issue of Palestinian rights resonates with much of the population;more than half of all Jordanian citizens originate from either the West Bank or the area now comprising the state of Israel. In trying to balance U.S.-Jordanian relations with Palestinian concerns, King Abdullah II has refrained from directly criticizing the Trump Administration on its moves, while urging the international community to return to the goal of a two-state solution that would ultimately lead to an independent Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital. Jordanian leaders have expressed strong opposition to a possible Israeli cabinet and Knesset vote on annexing West Bank territory-in coordination with the United States-after July 1, 2020. King Abdullah II has signaled that should Israel go ahead with annexation, Jordan is prepared to escalate its confrontation with Israel. As Jordan considers whether to revisit its ties to Israel, the range of possible options Jordan may be considering include withdrawing its ambassador from Israel, reducing security cooperation, cancelling its natural gas deal with Israel, and either partially or fully suspending the 1994 peace treaty. Congress may consider legislation pertaining to U.S. relations with Jordan. On February 18, 2016, President Obama signed the United States-Jordan Defense Cooperation Act of 2015 (P.L. 114-123), which authorizes expedited revie and an increased value threshold for proposed arms sales to Jordan for a period of three years. It amended the Arms Export Control Act to give Jordan temporarily the same preferential treatment U.S. law bestows upon NATO members and Australia, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, and South Korea. S. 28, the United States-Jordan Defense Cooperation Extension Act, would reauthorize the United States-Jordan Defense Cooperation Act (22 U.S.C. §275) through December 31, 2022. In the House, H.R. 4862 also would reauthorize the 2015 Act while also calling on the United States International Development Finance Corporation to issue a call for “proposals pursuing investment funds with a focus on Jordan.”. © 2016 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
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Collection: Databases of international organizations Database: Scopus Language: English Journal: Lebanon, Turkey, Saudia Arabia and Jordan: U.S. Relations and Key Issues Year: 2021 Document Type: Article

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Collection: Databases of international organizations Database: Scopus Language: English Journal: Lebanon, Turkey, Saudia Arabia and Jordan: U.S. Relations and Key Issues Year: 2021 Document Type: Article