Anosmia in COVID-19 and allergic rhinitis. Effect of masking on the severity of symptoms

ABSTRACT

SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of COVID-19, which has a serious effect on the lower respiratory system. COVID-19 causes bilateral pneumonia and acute respiratory syndrome. Smell disorders are important diagnostic symptoms of COVID-19. This symptom is detected in about 90 % of cases. Anosmia may be the first or even the only symptom and may appear before other symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the context of the COVID-19 epidemic, anosmia can be considered a clinical diagnostic criterion when laboratory tests are not available. The sense of smell is one of the most important senses needed to gain information about the environment. Anosmia can occur in both COVID-19 and allergic rhinitis (AR), which can make it difficult to detect the origin of these symptoms and make a diagnosis in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Research results indicate AR is not an aggravating factor for COVID-19. Comorbidity of AR does not affect the reduction of the sense of smell in patients with COVID-19. Patients with AR are recommended to use antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids for relief of symptoms. Control of AR symptoms can help prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection. It can be assumed that both local and oral corticosteroids at COVID-19 can be regarded as effective in the treatment of olfactory dysfunction. To restore the sense of smell in patients with AR and COVID-19, experts recommend regular olfactory training, which, at the moment, is the only modern scientifically based therapy for restoring post-viral loss of smell. The use of face masks and respirators during a pandemic aims to minimize exposure to allergens and the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, prolonged wearing of masks and respirators makes breathing even more difficult with rhinitis caused by AR or COVID-19, which reduces the quality of life and worsens the clinical picture.