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Psychosocial determinants of adherence to public health and social measures (PHSMs) in 18 African Union Member States during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic: results of a cross-sectional survey.
Murukutla, Nandita; Gupta, Ashish K; Maharjan, Meena; Fabrizio, Cecilia; Myers, Emily W; Johnson, Andrew; Nkwanzi, Virginia; Wilkason, Colby A; Lacey, Natalie; Tshangela, Akhona; Djoudalbaye, Benjamin; McClelland, Amanda.
  • Murukutla N; Vital Strategies, New York, New York, USA nmurukutla@vitalstrategies.org.
  • Gupta AK; Vital Strategies, New Delhi, India.
  • Maharjan M; Vital Strategies, New Delhi, India.
  • Fabrizio C; Vital Strategies, New York, New York, USA.
  • Myers EW; Vital Strategies, New York, New York, USA.
  • Johnson A; Ipsos, London, UK.
  • Nkwanzi V; Ipsos, Kampala, Uganda.
  • Wilkason CA; Resolve To Save Lives, An initiative to Vital Strategies, New York, New York, USA.
  • Lacey N; Ipsos, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
  • Tshangela A; Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, African Union, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Djoudalbaye B; Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, African Union, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • McClelland A; Resolve To Save Lives, An initiative to Vital Strategies, New York, New York, USA.
BMJ Open ; 12(6): e054839, 2022 06 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1901990
ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:

The objective of this study was to gain a better understanding of the psychosocial and sociodemographic factors that affected adherence to COVID-19 public health and social measures (PHSMs), and to identify the factors that most strongly related to whether citizens followed public health guidance.

DESIGN:

Cross-sectional study. SETTING AND

PARTICIPANTS:

Nationally representative telephone surveys were conducted from 4-17 August 2020 in 18 African Union Member States. A total of 21 600 adults (mean age=32.7 years, SD=11.4) were interviewed (1200 in each country). OUTCOME

MEASURES:

Information including sociodemographics, adherence to PHSMs and psychosocial variables was collected. Logistic regression models examined the association between PHSM adherence (eg, physical distancing, gathering restrictions) and sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics (eg, risk perception, trust). Factors affecting adherence were ranked using the Shapley regression decomposition method.

RESULTS:

Adherence to PHSMs was high, with better adherence to personal than community PHSMs (65.5% vs 30.2%, p<0.05). Psychosocial measures were significantly associated with personal and community PHSMs (p<0.05). Women and older adults demonstrated better adherence to personal PHSMs (adjusted OR (aOR) women=1.43, age=1.01, p<0.05) and community PHSMs (aOR women=1.57, age=1.01, p<0.05). Secondary education was associated with better adherence only to personal PHSMs (aOR=1.22, p<0.05). Rural residence and access to running water were associated with better adherence to community PHSMs (aOR=1.12 and 1.18, respectively, p<0.05). The factors that most affected adherence to personal PHSMs were self-efficacy; trust in hospitals/health centres; knowledge about face masks; trust in the president; and gender. For community PHSMs they were gender; trust in the president; access to running water; trust in hospitals/health centres; and risk perception.

CONCLUSIONS:

Psychosocial factors, particularly trust in authorities and institutions, played a critical role in PHSM adherence. Adherence to community PHSMs was lower than personal PHSMs since they can impose significant burdens, particularly on the socially vulnerable.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Adult / Aged / Female / Humans / Infant Language: English Journal: BMJ Open Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Bmjopen-2021-054839

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Adult / Aged / Female / Humans / Infant Language: English Journal: BMJ Open Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Bmjopen-2021-054839