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Occurrence of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds and Potential Ecological Risks in Wastewater from Hospitals and Receiving Waters in Sri Lanka.
Goswami, Prasun; Guruge, Keerthi S; Tanoue, Rumi; Tamamura, Yukino A; Jinadasa, K B S N; Nomiyama, Kei; Kunisue, Tatsuya; Tanabe, Shinsuke.
  • Goswami P; Atal Centre for Ocean Science and Technology for Islands, ESSO-National Institute of Ocean Technology, Dollygunj, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.
  • Guruge KS; National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
  • Tanoue R; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan.
  • Tamamura YA; National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka.
  • Jinadasa KBSN; Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan.
  • Nomiyama K; National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
  • Kunisue T; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
  • Tanabe S; Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan.
Environ Toxicol Chem ; 41(2): 298-311, 2022 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1905846
ABSTRACT
The presence of pharmaceutically active compounds (PACs) in the environment and their associated hazards is a major global health concern; however, data on these compounds are scarce in developing nations. In the present study, the existence of 39 non-antimicrobial PACs and six of their metabolites in wastewater from hospitals and adjacent surface waters in Sri Lanka was investigated from 2016 to 2018. The highest amounts of the measured chemicals, including the highest concentrations of atorvastatin (14,620 ng/L) and two metabolites, mefenamic acid (12,120 ng/L) and o-desmethyl tramadol (8700 ng/L), were detected in wastewater from the largest facility. Mefenamic acid, gemfibrozil, losartan, cetirizine, carbamazepine, and phenytoin were detected in all the samples. The removal rates in wastewater treatment were 100% for zolpidem, norsertaline, quetiapine, chlorpromazine, and alprazolam. There was substantial variation in removal rates of PACs among facilities, and the overall data suggest that treatment processes in facilities were ineffective and that some PAC concentrations in the effluents were increased. The estimated risk quotients revealed that 14 PACs detected in water samples could pose low to high ecological risk to various aquatic organisms. Compounds such as ibuprofen, tramadol, and chlorpromazine detected in untreated and treated wastewater at these facilities pose a high risk to several aquatic organisms. Our study provides novel monitoring data for non-antimicrobial PAC abundance and the associated potential ecological risk related to hospitals and urban surface waters in Sri Lanka and further offers valuable information on pre-COVID-19 era PAC distribution in the country. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41298-311. © 2021 SETAC.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Water Pollutants, Chemical / Pharmaceutical Preparations / COVID-19 Type of study: Prognostic study Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: Environ Toxicol Chem Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Etc.5212

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Water Pollutants, Chemical / Pharmaceutical Preparations / COVID-19 Type of study: Prognostic study Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: Environ Toxicol Chem Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Etc.5212