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Saliva changes in composition associated to COVID-19: a preliminary study.
Muñoz-Prieto, Alberto; Rubic, Ivana; Gonzalez-Sanchez, Juan Carlos; Kules, Josipa; Martínez-Subiela, Silvia; Cerón, José Joaquín; Bernal, Enrique; Torres-Cantero, Alberto; Vicente-Romero, María Rosario; Mrljak, Vladimir; Tvarijonaviciute, Asta.
  • Muñoz-Prieto A; Clinic for Internal Diseases. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
  • Rubic I; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Interlab-UMU, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
  • Gonzalez-Sanchez JC; Clinic for Internal Diseases. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
  • Kules J; BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, Heidelberg, Germany.
  • Martínez-Subiela S; Clinic for Internal Diseases. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
  • Cerón JJ; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Interlab-UMU, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain. silviams@um.es.
  • Bernal E; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Interlab-UMU, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
  • Torres-Cantero A; Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Murcia, 30003, Murcia, Spain.
  • Vicente-Romero MR; Preventive Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de La Arrixaca, IMIB, Universidad de Murcia, 30120, Murcia, Spain.
  • Mrljak V; Unit of Microbiology, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Murcia, 30003, Murcia, Spain.
  • Tvarijonaviciute A; Clinic for Internal Diseases. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
Sci Rep ; 12(1): 10879, 2022 06 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1908289
ABSTRACT
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV 2), is usually associated with a wide variety of clinical presentations from asymptomatic to severe cases. The use of saliva as a diagnostic and monitoring fluid has gained importance since it can be used to investigate the immune response and to direct quantification of antibodies against COVID-19. Additionally, the use of proteomics in saliva has allowed to increase  our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of diseases, bringing new perspectives on diagnostics, monitoring, and treatment. In this work, we compared the salivary proteome of 10 patients with COVID-19, (five patients with mild and five patients with severe COVID-19) and ten control healthy patients. Through the application of proteomics, we have identified 30 proteins whose abundance levels differed between the COVID-19 groups and the control group. Two of these proteins (TGM3 and carbonic anhydrase-CA6) were validated by the measurement of gGT and TEA respectively, in 98 additional saliva samples separated into two groups (1) COVID-19 group, integrated by 66 patients who tested positive for COVID-19 (2) control group, composed of 32 healthy individuals who did not show any sign of disease for at least four weeks and were negative for COVID-19 in RT-PCR. In the proteomic study there were observed upregulations in CAZA1, ACTN4, and ANXA4, which are proteins related to the protective response against the virus disturbance, and the upregulation of TGM3, that is correlated to the oxidative damage in pulmonary tissue. We also showed the downregulation in cystatins and CA6 that can be involved in the sensory response to stimulus and possibly related to the presence of anosmia and dysgeusia during the COVID-19. Additionally, the presence of FGB in patients with severe COVID-19 but not in mild COVID-19 patients could indicate a higher viral aggregation and activation in these cases. In conclusion, the salivary proteome in patients with COVID-19 showed changes in proteins related to the protective response to viral infection, and the altered sensory taste perception that occur during the disease. Moreover, gGT and TEA could be potential biomarkers of respiratory complications that can occurs during COVID 19 although further larger studies should be made to corroborate this.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Sci Rep Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S41598-022-14830-6

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Sci Rep Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S41598-022-14830-6